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CONTENTS
Translator’s
Preface
Introductions
to the Old Testament
1.
THE NATURE OF THE UNDERTAKING
PART ONE
THE PRE-LITERARY STAGE: THE SMALLEST UNITS
AND THEIR SETTING IN LIFE
2.
GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS
PROSE TYPES
3.
SPEECHES, SERMONS, PRAYERS
a.
Speeches
b.
Sermons
c.
Prayers
4.
RECORDS
a.
Contracts
b.
Letters
c.
Lists
d.
Laws
e.
Cultic Ordinances
5. NARRATIVES
a.
Poetic Narrative
i.
Introductory
ii.
Myths
iii.
Fairy-tale, fable, tale
iv.
Saga
v.
Legends
b.
Historical Narratives
i.
Reports
ii.
Popular History
iii.
Autobiography
iv.
Accounts of dreams and visions
v.
Prophetic autobiography
SAYINGS
6. THE
LOGICAL AND METRICAL STRUCTURE OF HEBREW POETRY
a.
Parallelisms, memorandum. Short verses
b.
Metrical regularity
c.
Alternation of stresses and unstressed
syllables
d.
Anapaestic rhythm
e.
The strophe
7. SAYINGS
OF VARIOUS KINDS
a.
Sayings from the life of the individual
b.
Sayings from the life of the community
8. LEGAL
SAYINGS
9. CULTIC
SAYINGS
a.
Divine sayings
b.
Priestly sayings
c.
Lay sayings
10. PROPHETIC
SAYINGS
a.
Ecstatic possession as the ultimate source of
the prophetic saying
b.
Prediction and warning
c.
Oracular poems
d.
Other literary types employed by the prophetess
e.
Cultic and liturgical formulae
11. PROVERB,
RIDDLE AND WISDOM SAYING
a.
The popular proverb
b.
The riddle
c.
The wisdom saying
SONGS
12. SONGS
OF WORK AND HARVEST, DRINKING SONGS, SONGS OF MARRIAGE AND LOVE, WATCHMAN’S
SONGS
a.
Work songs
b.
Wedding songs
c.
The watchman’s song
13. MOCKING
SONGS AND FUNERAL DIRGES
a.
General considerations
b.
Mocking songs
c.
Funeral dirges
14. ROYAL
SONGS AND VICTORY SONGS
a.
Royal songs
b.
Victory songs
15. CULTIC
SONGS
a.
Royal cult songs
b.
Spiritual songs
c.
Hymns
d.
Accession songs
e.
The “Sentence of Judgment”
f.
National laments
g.
Collective songs of trust
h.
The “I” of Psalms
i.
Individual laments
j.
Individual songs of trust
k.
Collective songs of thanksgiving
l.
Individual songs of thanksgiving
16. WISDOM
POEMS
PART TWO
THE LITERARY PREHISTORY
OF THE BOOKS OF THE OLD TESTAMENT
17. GENERAL
CONSIDERATIONS
18. THE
HISTORICAL BOOKS
a.
Indications of sources
b.
The compass of the older historical work
c.
Literary sources
d.
The history of the succession to David
e.
The oldest narrative
f.
The later strands
g.
Various elements within the different strands
19. THE
COLLECTIONS (CORPORA) OF LAW
a.
Smaller collections
b.
The three different kinds of prophetic writing
c.
Apocalyptic
d.
Foreign influences
20. THE
PROPHETIC AND APOCALYPTIC BOOKS
a.
Smaller collections
b.
The three different kinds of prophetic writing
c.
Apocalyptic
d.
Foreign influences
21. THE
POETIC AND DIDACTIC BOOKS
a.
Collections of songs contained in the Psalter
b.
Collections of sayings incorporated in the book
of Proverbs
PART
THREE
THE
ANALYSIS OF THE BOOKS OF THE OLD TESTAMENT
THE
PENTATUCH (THE LAW תּוֹרָה)
22. NAMES
AND CONTENTS
a.
Name
b.
Contents
THE
HISTORY OF PENTATEUCHAL CRITICISM
23. THE
PENTATEUCH AS A WHOLE, WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO THE NARRATIVE
a.
The traditional view and early doubts expressed
as to its correctness
b.
The older documentary hypothesis
c.
The “fragment” hypothesis
d.
The supplementary hypothesis
e.
The new documentary hypothesis
f.
The dating of the sources
g.
Reaction against the new documentary hypothesis
h.
Modifications of the new documentary hypothesis
i.
The most recent form of the documentary
hypothesis
j.
Form-critical assessment of the Pentateuch
24. THE
PROBLEM OF DEUTERONOMY
a.
The chonological placing of D
b.
The analysis of D
c.
Stalemate and advance in the study of D
25. ASSESSMENT
OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF PENTATEUCHAL CRITICISM
a.
Two preliminary points
b.
The hypotheses—“fragment,” documentary, and
supplementary
c.
The narrative sections
d.
The legal corpora
ANALYSIS
OF THE PENTATEUCH NARRATIVE
26. THE ARGUMENTS FOR ANALYSIS
a.
The changes in the divine names
b.
Linquistic usage
c.
Diversity of ideas
d.
Literary phenomena
27. ANALYSIS OF THE PENTATEUCH NARRATIVE: THE
RESULTS
a.
The P-section
b.
J and E
c.
L
d.
The dates of origin of the individual narrative
strands
THE
FOUR NARRATIVE STRANDS
28. THE
PENTATEUCH SOURCE L
a.
Its antique flavour
b.
Literary form
c.
Date and place of origin
29. THE PENTATEUCH SOURCES J AND E
a.
J
b.
E
c.
Place of J and E
30. THE
PENTATUCH SOURCE P
31. THE
INTERRELATIONSHIP OF STRANDS L J E. AND P AND THEIR COMBINING
a.
The interrelationship of the strands
b.
The combining of the strands
32. AMPLIFICATION OF THE NARRATIVE STRANDS
THE
COLLECTION OF THE LAWS
33. THE BOOK OF THE COVENANT
a.
Names and contents
b.
Component parts
c.
The interpolating of B
d.
Date of origin
e.
The Book of the Covenant and Sinai
34. DEUTERONOMY
a.
The relationship of D to B
b.
The various groups of laws in D
c.
The original Deuteronomy
d.
The introduction (i-xi)
e.
The Song and the Blessing of Moses
(xxxii-xxxiii)
f.
The conclusion (xxvii-xxxiii)
g.
Summary
h.
D and the political situation of its time
35. THE HOLINESS CODE
a.
Names, compass, and composition
b.
Date of origin
36. THE FORMATION OF THE PENTATEUCH
THE OLDER HISTORICAL
BOOKS
(FORMER PROPHETS)
37. THE
BOOKS OF JOSHUA, JUDGES, SAMUEL AND KINGS CONSIDERED AS PARTS OF A LARGER WHOLE
a.
Survey of Joshua-11 Kings
b.
Is Joshua-11 Kings a combination of the
continuations of the Pentateuchal sources, or a Deuteronomistic historical
work?
c.
The analysis of Joshua-11 Kings according to
the “fragment hypothesis”
d.
The analysis of Joshua-11 Kings according to
the “documentary hypothesis”
e.
Features common to the two hypotheses
f.
The limits of the two hypotheses
38. THE
BOOK OF JOSHUA
a.
Contents
b.
Analysis
c.
Deuteronomistic editions of the book
d.
Separation from the Pentateuch
39. THE BOOK OF JUDGES
a.
Contents
b.
The framework of the Judge-narratives and its
religious and theological pragmatism
c.
Analysis
d.
Deuteronomistic redaction
40. THE BOOKS OF SAMUEL
a.
Name and contents
b.
History of criticism
c.
Analysis
d.
Deuteronomistic
e.
Historical value
41. THE BOOKS OF KINGS
a.
The framework
b.
The narratives within the framework
c.
The pre-deuteronomistic book of Kings
THE WRITING PROPHETS
(LATTER PROPHETS)
42. GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS CONCERNING THE BOOKS OF
ISAIAH, JEREMIAH, EZEKIEL AND THE TWELVE MINOR PROPHETS
43. ISAIAH 1-39
a.
Survey of 1-66
b.
The personality of Isaiah and his period of
activity
The
c.
The structure of 1-35
d.
The material in 1-35 which derives from Isaiah
e.
The doubtful or non-genuine sections in 1-35
f.
The historical appendix 36-39
g.
The Prophet Isaiah
44. ISAIAH
40-55
a.
The question of the unity of 40-55; survey of
criticism
b.
The structure of 40-55; survey of criticsm
c.
The unity of 40-55
d.
The structure of 40-55
e.
The Ebed Yahweh songs
45. ISAIAH 56-65
a.
The separation of 56-65 as an independent
entity
b.
The problem of the unity of 55-65
c.
The combination of Isaiah 40-55, 56-66, and
Isaiah 1-39
46. JEREMIAH
a.
The prophet and his time
b.
Survey of the book: its form in M and TS
c.
The original scroll
d.
The work of Baruch
e.
Collections with titles in 1-25
f.
The originally independent sections in 1-25
g.
The composition of 1-25
h.
The “Booklet of Consolation,” 30-31
i.
The oracles against foreign nations, 46-51
j.
The historical appendix, 52
47. EZEKIEL
a.
The prophet Ezekiel: the date and place of his
activity
b.
Survey of criticism
c.
The composition of the book
d.
Traces of an earlier arrangement
e.
The conclusions to be drawn from the analysis
f.
The portrait of Ezekiel
THE
TWELVE PROPHETS
(THE
BOOK OF THE TWELVE)
48. THE BOOK OF THE TWELVE PROPHETS
49. HOSEA
a.
The date and personality of the prophet
b.
The contents and divisions of the book
c.
Separation of the individual sayings and poems,
and of the non-genuine material in 4, 1-14, 10
d.
The problem of 1-3
e.
The composition of the book
f.
Hosea—the poet, the prophet, and the man
50. JOEL
a.
Contents
b.
The problem of the book
c.
Date of origin
51. AMOS
a.
The period, place of origin, and person of the
prophet’
b.
The different elements in the book
c.
Amos’ share in the composition of the book
d.
Secondary additions
e.
The portrait of the prophet
52. OBADIAH
a.
Contents
b.
The composition and date of origin of the book
53. JONAH
a.
Contents
b.
The origin of the material
c.
Date of origin.
Purpose
d.
The Psalm—2.3-10. Problems of literary
criticism
54. MICAH
a.
Date, place of origin, and person of the
prophet
b.
Contents and divisions of the book
c.
Genuine and non-genuine passages
d.
The portrait of the prophet
55. NAHUM
a.
Contents
b.
The period of the prophet
c.
Problems of genuineness
56. HABAKKUK
a.
Contents
b.
Different interpretations and datings of the
book
c.
The Prayer of Habukkuk
d.
The personality of Habukkuk and his period
57. ZEPHANIAH
a.
Contents
b.
Problems of genuineness, and the period of the
prophet
c.
The genealogy of Zephaniah
58. HAGGAI
a.
The period of the prophet and the contents of the
book
b.
Literary problems
c.
Haggai’s share in the formation of the book
59. ZECHARIAH
1-8
a.
The personality and period of the prophet
b.
Contents
c.
Literary problems
d.
Zechariah’s share in the formation of the book
e.
Later insertions
f.
The content of the prophecy of Zechariah and
Haggai
60. ZECHARIAH
9-14
a.
Contents
b.
History of criticism
c.
Date of origin
d.
Summary of results
61. MALACHI
a.
The title of the book and the name of the
prophet
b.
Contents
c.
Literary problems
d.
Date of origin
THE
WRITINGS
HAGIOGRAPHA
(כְּתוּבִים)
62. THE ORDER OF THE “WRITINGS”
63. THE
PSALTER
a.
The name of the book. The enumeration of the
Psalms in M and TS
b.
The age of Psalmody
c.
Smaller collections
d.
Titles and other notes added to the Psalms
64. JOB
a.
Contents
b.
History of criticism
c.
Analysis
d.
The purpose of the work
e.
The presuppositions of the work
f.
The locality and date of the hour
65. THE
PROVERBS OF SOLOMON
a.
Title and composition of the book
b.
The nature of thee seven collections united in
the book, and their date of composition
c.
Solomon’s part in the book
d.
The content of Proverbs
66. THE
BOOK OF RUTH
a.
Contents
b.
The secondary character of 4.17b-22
c.
The book of Ruth as a short essay (Novelle)
d.
The chief personages
e.
The religious content of the narrative
f.
The legal institution of “redemption”
g.
The date of the book
67. THE SONG OF SONGS
a.
The name of the book. Its tradition
interpretation and ascription to Solomon
b.
The form of the book
c.
Contents
d.
Date and place of origin
68. ECCLESIASTES
(KOHELETH)
a.
The name of the book
b.
The structure of the book
c.
Contents
d.
Historical setting
e.
Place of origin
f.
Foreign influences
g.
Additions to the work
69. LAMENTATIONS
a.
The name of the book
b.
Structure and contents
c.
Literary type
d.
Date of composition
e.
Place of composition
f.
The occasion of the poems
g.
The poet himself
h.
The origin of the collection
70. ESTHER
a.
Contents
b.
The type of narrative which the books presents
c.
The feast of Purim
d.
The appendix 9.20-10.3
e.
The additions to the book of Esther
f.
Assessment of the book
71. DANIEL
a.
Contents
b.
The language of the book
c.
History of criticism
d.
Date of composition of the book
e.
The prehistory of the book
f.
The formation of the book of Daniel
g.
The purpose of the book
h.
The book of Daniel as an apocalypse
i.
Expansions and additions
72. THE
BOOK OF CHRONICLES
a.
Name, compass, contents and purpose
b.
The Chronicler’s sources
c.
The Chronicler’s own material
d.
The historical setting and the value of the
Chronicler’s special material
e.
The period of composition of Chronicles. Later
additions.
73. EZRA
AND NEHEMIAH
a.
Names and contents
b.
The Chronicler’s contribution and his sources
c.
The order of the Chronicler’s sources
d.
Date of composition. Additions.
e.
The significance of the analysis for the
historical evaluation of the books
f.
The historical value of the historical sources
g.
Ezra’s law
PART
FOUR
THE
CANON
THE
HISTORY OF THE CANON
74. NAME
AND PREHISTORY
a.
Name
b.
Prehistory
75. THE
FORMATION OF THE CANON
a.
The traditional view of the formation of the
canon
b.
The actual process
c.
The enumeration and arrangement of the books of
the canon
d.
The tradition represented by MS and by the
Qumran documents
APOCRYPHA
AND PSEUDEPIGRAPHA
76. GENERAL
CONSIDERATIONS
APOCRYPHA
77. III ESDRAS (I ESDRAS)
78. THE FIRST BOOK OF MACCABEES
79. THE SECOND BOOK OF MACCABEES
80. THE THIRD BOOK OF MACCABEES
81. THE BOOK OF TOBIT
82. THE BOOK OF JUDITH
83. THE PRAYER OF MANASSEH (ORATIO MANASSIS)
84. THE ADDITIONS TO DANIEL
85. THE ADDITIONS TO ESTHER
86. THE BOOK OF BARUCH
87. THE LETTER OF JEREMIAH (EPISTULA JEREMIAE)
88. THE WISDOM OF JESUS BEN SIRE (ECCLESIASTICUS)
89. THE WISDOM OF SOLOMON
PSEUDEPIGRAPHA
90. THE LETTER OF ARISTEAS
91. THE BOOK OF JUBILEES
92. THE MARYTRDOM AND ASCENSION OF ISAIAH
(MARTYRIUM ET ASCENSIOO ISAIAE)
93. THE PSALMS OF SOLOMON
94. THE FOURTH BOOK OF MACCABEES
95. THE SYBYLLINE ORACLES
96. THE ETHIOPIC BOOK OF ENOCH
97. THE SLAVONIC BOOK OF ENOCH
98. THE ASSUMPTION OF MOSES (ASSUMPTIO MOSIS)
99. IV EZRA (II ESDRAS)
100. THE
SYRIAC APOCALYPSE OF BARUCH
101. THE
GREEK APOCALYPSE OF BARUCH
102. THE TESTAMENTS
OF THE XII PATRIARCHS
103. THE
LIFE OF ADAM AND EVE (VITA ADAE ET EVAE, APOCALYSIS MOSIS)
APOCRYPHAL
AND PSEUDEPIGRAPHICAL WRITINGS AMONG THE QUMRAN TEXTS
104. SURVEY
OF THE DISCOVERIES OF TEXTS MADE IN THE WILDERNESS OF JUDAE SINCE 1947
105. THE
MANUAL OF DISCIPLINE
106. THE
DAMASCUS DOCUMENT
107. THE
WAR SCROLL
108. THE
HYMN SCROLL AND SIMILAR COLLECTIONS OF SONGS AND PRAYERS
109. HABAKKUK
“COMMENTARY” AND SIMILAR “COMMENTARIES”
110. THE
APOCALYPSES
111. HAGGADIC
NARRATIVE WORKS
112. PARENETIC
AND DIDACTIC WRITINGS, JURIDICAL AND ASTROLOGICAL WORKS
PART
FIVE
THE
TEXT
THE
PREHISTORY OF THE TEXT FORMS WHICH HAVE SURVIVED
113. GENERAL
CONSIDERATIONS
114. BOOKS
AND WRITING
a.
Books
b.
Writings
MASORETIC TEXT
115. THE
CONSONANTAL TEXT
116. THE
POINTING OF THE TEXT
NON-MASORETIC
TEXT
117. GENERAL
CONSIDERATIONS. TRANSLATIONS. POLYGLOTS
118. THE
SAMARITAN PENTATEUCH
119. THE
TARGUMS
120. THE
PESHITTA AND OTHER OLD SYRIAC TRANSLATIONS
121. THE
SEPTUAGINT
122. THE
TRANSLATIONS OF AQUILA, THEODOTION AND SYMMACHUS
123. THE
OLD LAIN (VETUS LATINA)
124. THE
VULGATE
125. THE
EVALUATION OF THE EVIDENCE FOR TEXTUAL CRITICISM. CONJECTURAL EMENDATION
126. ADDITIONAL LITERATURE AND NOTES
INDEX OF PASSAGES QUOTED
INDEX OF NAMES
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
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