Oehler,
Gustav Friedrich. Theology of the Old
Testament (trans. George E. Day). Minneapolis, MN: Klock and Klock
Christian Publishers, 1978 reprint.
Originally, it was printed by T & T Clark in 1878.
It is available at: http://www.amazon.com/Theology-Testament-Gustav-Friedrich-Oehler/dp/1290429588/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1376539292&sr=8-1&keywords=gustav+oehler+theology+of+the+old+testament
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Preliminary
Statements
§ 1. Summary
I.
Definition and Limits of Old Testament
Theology
§
2. Definition of Old Testament Theology. It embraces the whole field of
revelation in the Old Testament
§
3. Relation of Old Testament Theology to other Old Testament branches.
§
4. Sources of Old Testament Theology
II.
Fuller Statement of the Scientific
Standpoint of Old Testament Theology
§
5. The view of the Old Testament religion proper to Christian theology
§
6. The Biblical idea of revelation. General and special revelation
§
7. Historic character and gradual progress of revelation. Its relation to the
whole of man’s life. Its supernatural character.
§
8. The Old and New Testaments in their relation to heathenism and to each other
III.
History of the Cultivation of Old
Testament Theology in the Christian Church
§ 9. Theological View
of the Old Testament in the Early Church and the Middle Ages
§ 10. Theological
View of the Old Testament in the Reformation
§ 11. Theological
conception of the Old Testament in the older Protestant theology
§ 12. Conception and
treatment of the Old Testament from the end of the 17th to the end
of the 18th century
§ 13. Rise of a
Biblical theology distinct from a dogmatic treatment of the Old Testament by Rationalism,
and by the newer history and philosophy of religion
§ 14a. Theological
view of the Old Testament in the earlier Supernaturalism and in the most recent
literature
§ 14b. Continuation:
the most recent literature
IV.
Method of Biblical Theology. Division
of Old Testament Theology
§
15. Characteristics of the historico-genetic method
§
16. Division of Old Testament Theology stated and defended
PART
ONE: MOSAISM
FIRST SECTION. THE HISTORY OF REVELATION FROM THE
CREATION, TO THE SETTLEMENT OF THE COVENANT PEOPLE IN THE HOLY LAND.
§
17. Division of this history
I.
The Primeval Age
§ 18. The account of creation
§ 19. The origin of evil
§
20. The first offering. Cainites and Sethites. Tradition of the Flood
II.
The Second Age of the World
§ 21. Covenant with
the world. Noah’s saying. Division of mankind
§ 22. The foundation
of the people of God
III.
The Time of the Patriarchs
§
23. Abraham
§
24. Isaac and Jacob
§
25. The Twelve Patriarchs
IV.
The Time of Moses and Joshua
1. The
deliverance of Israel from Egyptian bondage
§
26. Condition of the people of Israel in Egypt
§
27. The deliverance from Egypt
2. The
institution of the covenant of the law and the march through the wilderness
§
28. Educational aim of the march through the wilderness. The Covenant of Law
established
§
29. The first breach of the covenant. Order of the camp. Departure from Sinai.
Sentence on the people.
§
30. The wandering during thirty-seven years in the wilderness, and events up to
the occupation of the land on the east side of Jordan
§
31. Deuteronomy. Death of Moses. His position among the organs of revelation
3. The
settlement of Israel in the Holy Land
§
32. Occupation of Canaan. Extermination of the Canaanites.
§
33. Division of the land. Character of the promised land. Israel at the close
of this period.
SECOND SECTION: THE DOCTRINES AND ORDINANCES OF
MOSAISM
§
34. Survey
First Division: THE DOCTRINE OF GOD AND HIS
RELATION TO THE WORLD
FIRST
CHAPTER: The Mosaic Idea of God
§
35. Survey
I.
THE MOST GENERAL NAMES OF THE DIVINE
BEING, EL, ELOAH, ELOHIM, EL-ELYON
§
36.
II.
EL-SHADDAI
§
37.
III.
THE NAME JEHOVAH
§
38. Pronunciation and grammatical explanation of the name
§
39. Signification of the name
§
40. Age and origin of the name Jehovah
§
41. Comparison of the name Jehovah with Elohim and El
§
42. Attributes or names of God which are derived immediately from the idea of
Jehovah
§
43. The Unity of God
IV.
God as the Holy One
§ 44. Formal definition of the idea
§ 45. Fuller definition of the idea
§ 46. Characteristics connected with
the Divine Holiness:
Impossibility
of picturing god, Omnipresence
Spirituality
§
47. The Divine righteousness, faithfulness and truth
§
48. The jealous God
SECOND
CHAPTER: THE RELATION OF GOD TO THE WORLD
§
49. General Survey
First
Doctrine. On the Creation and Preservation of the World
I.
On the Creation
§
50. Creation by the Word
§
51. The Divine Spirit in the Creation
II.
On the Preservation of the World
§
52.
Second
Doctrine. The Divine Aim of the World.
Divine Providence
§
53. The design of Creation, and it realization through Providence
§
54. Relation of the Divine causality to moral and physical evil
Third
Doctrine. Of Revelation.
§
55. Introductory remark and general view
I.
The Revelation of the Divine Being
§ 56. The Divine Name
§ 57. The Divine
Countenance
II.
The Forms of Revelation
§ 58. The Divine
Voice
§ 59. The doctrine of
the Angel of the Lord, of the Countenance, of the Covenant. The exegetical state
of the case.
§ 60. Continuation.
The different views.
§ 61. Other Points of
Mosaic angelology
§ 62. The Shethina
§ 63. The doctrine of
miracle. Its appearance in history and its various names
§ 64. Continuation.
More exact definition of miracle
§ 65. On the Spirit
of God
§ 66. The psychical
states of the organs of revelation
Second division. THE DOCTRINE OF MAN.
§
67. General view.
I.
THE IDEA OF MAN
§
68.
II.
MAN IN RELATION TO SEX AND RACE
§
69
III.
THE CONSTITUENT PARTS OF MAN
§
70. Body, soul and spirit
§
71. The heart and its relation to the soul
SECOND
CHAPTER. The doctrine of man in reference to contradictory elements which
entered by sin into its development
I.
THE PRIMITIVE STATE OF MAN
§
72.
II.
OF SIN
1. The origin of sin
§
73. The formal principle of sin
§
74. The material principle of sin. The
Old Testament names of sin
2. The state of sin
§
75. Sin as an inclination. Transmission
of sin.
§
76. Antagonism of the good and the evil in man. Degrees of sin. Possibility of
a relative righteousness.
III.
ON DEATH AND THE STATE AFTER DEATH
§
77. The connection between sin and death.
§
78-79. The doctrine of Mosaism on the condition after death
Third
Division. THE COVENANT OF GOD WITH ISRAEL AND THE THEOCRACY
FIRST
CHAPTER. The nature of the Covenant
§
80. Preliminary remarks and general survey
First
doctrine. The Divine Election
§
81. Israel’s election as the full act of God’s love
§
82. Forms in which the election of the people is expressed
Second
Doctrine. MAN’S OBLIGATION.
§
83. The servant of Jehovah
§
84. The Law.
§
85-86. The Decalogue. Its division.
§
87. Circumstances. Its historical origin
§
89. Religious import of circumcision. The giving of a name.
Third
Doctrine. Divine Retribution
§
90. Blessing and curse
§
91. Solution of the apparent contradiction between the Divine election and the
Mosaic doctrine of retribution. Attacks on the latter.
SECOND
CHAPTER. The Theocracy
§
91. The idea of Divine Kingship
First
Doctrine. The Theocratic Organism, and the Ordinances of Law
and Justice connected therewith.
I.
THEOCRATIC ORGANIZATION OF THE PEOPLE
§
92. The division into tribes. Israel’s representation before Jehovah
1. The Levites
§ 93. The mode and
meaning of the representation of Israel by the Levites
§ 94. Official
functions, dedication, and social position of the Levites
2. The priesthood
§ 95.
3. The high priest
§ 96
II.
THE THEOCRATIC AUTHORITY
1.
The
legislative authority
§ 97
2.
The
judicial power
§ 98. The principle
and organization of the administration of justice
§ 99. The course of
justice and punishment
3.The
executive power
§
100
III.
THE ORGANIZATION OF THE FAMILY, AND
THE LEGAL PROVISIONS OF MOSAIC FAMILY LAW
§
101. The subdivisions of the tribes. The principles and division of Mosaic
family law.
1. The law of marriage
§ 102. The contracting of
marriage: the dependent position of the wife and the forms of marriage contract
§ 103. Bars to marriage.
§ 104. The dissolution of
marriage
2. The relation of parents to
children
§
105
3. The law of inheritance, and
provisions for the permanence of families and their inheritance
§
106. The law of inheritance. Laws concerning heiresses and the levirate
marriage
§
107. Provisions concerning the preservation of the family inheritance
§
108. The avenging of blood
4. The rights of servants in the
house
§
109. Bondage in the time of the patriarchs. The principles of the rights of
bondmen
§
110. The regulations concerning Hebrew servants
§
111. The position of servants not Israelites
Second Doctrine. The
Mosaic Public Worship.
§
112. General introductory remarks. Essential character of this worship.
§
113. The place of the word in public worship.
I.
THE PLACE OF WORSHIP
§
114. The requisites for a place of worship
§
115. The arrangement of the Mosaic sanctuary
` §
116. Mearning of the sanctuary. Its three divisions.
§
117. Sacred vessels in the court and in the sanctuary
§ 118. The ark of the covenant, with
the Kapporeth and the tables of the law.
§ 119. The Cherubim.
II.
THE ACTIONS OF THE MOSAIC WORSHIP
§ 120. Introductory remarks. On the
idea of offerings in general
§ 121. Pre-Mosaic sacrifice and Mosaic
covenant. Sacrifice as the basis of the Mosaic sacrificial worship
1. The material of the offerings
§
122. Bloody and bloodless sacrifice
§
123. The material of the animal offerings
§
124. The ingredients of the vegetable offerings. Salt in the offerings.
§ 125. The principle on which the
material of the offerings was fixed
2. The ritual of sacrifice
§ 126. The ritual of animal sacrifice.
Presentation at the altar; laying on of the hands; slaughter.
§ 127. The use made of the shed blood
§
128. The burning of the-offering
§
129. Ritual of the food-offering
3. On various kinds of offerings
with reference to their purpose
§
130. Various kinds of offerings as thus distinguished.
(a) The
burnt-offering
§ 131.
(b) The peace-offering
§ 132. The name, notion and division.
§ 133. The ritual of the
peace-offering
§ 134. Of vows
§ 135. Nazaritism
Appendix.
The theocratic taxes
§ 136.
(c) The
atoning sacrifices
§ 137. The difference between the
trespass-offering and the sin-offering with respect to the end in view
§ 138. The ritual and import of the
trespass and the sin offerings. The trespass-offering
§ 139. The ritual of the sin-offering.
§ 140. The ritual of the Day of
Atonement.
§ 141. Signification of the ritual and
antiquity of the Day of Atonement.
Appendix.
Purification.
§ 142. The Levitical purifications.
§ 143. Acts of purifications for removing the
suspicion of guilt
III.
THE SACRED SEASONS
1. Sacred Seasons in general
§
144. Survey of the Sacred Seasons and their designations
§
145. Reasons which determine the times of the feasts
§
146. The celebration of the holy days
2. The Sabbatical Seasons
(a) The
weekly Sabbath
§ 147. Antiquity and origin of the
Sabbath
§ 148. The idea of the Sabbath
§ 149. The celebration of the Sabbath
(b) The new moon Sabbath
§
150
(c) The Sabbatical year and the year
of Jubilee
§
151. Legal enactments
§
152. Import and practicability of the institution of the Sabbatical year and
the year of Jubilee
3. The three pilgrimage feasts
(a) The
Passover
§ 153. Enactments concerning the solemnity
§ 154. Significance of the feast of
the Passover, and questions connected with it
(b) The Feast of Weeks (Pentecost)
§
155.
(c) The
Feast of Tabernacles
§
156.
PART
II – PROPHETISM
FIRST SECTION. THE
DEVELOPMENT OF THE THEOCRACY FROM THE DEATH OF JOSHUA TO THE CLOSE OF THE OLD
TESTAMENT REVELATION
First
Division. THE TIMES OF THE JUDGES
I.
THE DISINTEGRATION OF THE THEOCRACY
TILL THE TIMES OF SAMUEL
§ 157. Course of events. Import of the
office of Judge.
§ 158. Religious condition. Decline of
the theocratic institutions
§ 159. Religious syncretism of this
period
II.
RESTORATION OF THE THEOCRATIC UNITY BY
SAMUEL. GROWTH OF PROPHETISM. FOUNDATION OF THE MONARCHY.
§ 160. The Philistine oppression.
Changes effected by Samuel.
§ 161. Nature, impotence, and first
beginnings of the prophetic office
§ 163. The foundation of the Israelitish Kingdom:
consecration of the king.
Second
Division. PERIOD OF THE UNDIVIDED KINGDOM.
I.
SAUL
§ 164
II.
DAVID
§ 165. History of his reign. His
theocratic position and personal religious development.
§ 166. The form of worship under David
III.
SOLOMON
§ 167. The building of the temple
§ 168. Significance and dedication of
the temple
§ 169. The Hebrew proverbial poetry.
The Hhakkamim
§ 170. Solomon’s external organizations. The dark
sides of his reign. Division of the Kingdom
Third
Division. THE KINGDOM OF THE TEN TRIBES
§ 171. Preliminary remarks
FIRST
PERIOD. From Jeroboam 1 to the overthrow
of the dynasty of Omri.
§
172. Jeroboam 1 to Omri.
§
173. The dynasty of Omri.
§
174. Schools of the Prophets and characteristics of the prophetism of the period. The Rechabites.
SECOND
PERIOD. From Jehu to the overthrow of the
ten tribes.
§
175. The Dynasty of Jehu
§
176. From Zachariah to the carrying away of the ten tribestribes
§
177. Origin of the Samaritans
Fourth
Division. THE KINGDOM OF JUDAH
§ 178. Preliminary remarks and
survey
FIRST PERIOD. From Rehoboam to Ahaz.
§ 179. Rehoboam to Jehoshaphat
§ 180. Jehoram to Jotham
SECOND PERIOD. From Ahaz to Josiah.
§ 181. Ahaz and Hezekiah
§ 182. Manasseh and Amon
THIRD PERIOD. From Josiah to the overthrow of the state
§ 183. Josiah
§
184. Profane history of this period. Death of Josiah. Jehoahaz.
§
185. Jehoiakim and Jehoiakin
§
186. Zedekiah. Fall of the State and of Jerusalem
§
187. Gedaliah and the remnant of the people
Fifth
Division. HISTORY OF THE JEWISH NATION FROM THE BABYLONIAN
CAPTIVITY TO THE CESSATION OF PROPHECY
§
188. Condition of the people and agency of the Prophets during the Captivity.
§
189. Deliverance and return of Jews from Babylon. Commencement of the
rebuilding of the temple.
§
190. The period from Cyrus to Darius Hystapsis
§
191. The Jews Under Xerxes. Beginning of Ezra’s administration
§
192. Ezra and Nehemiah. The close of prophecy.
§
193. The beginning of Sopherism. Public worship at the close of this period.
SECOND SECTION. THE
THEOLOGY OF PROPHETISM.
§ 194. Summary
First
Division. THE DOCTRINE OF THE LORD OF HOSTS AND OF ANGELS
§
195. Form and occurrence of the name of God. Partial views of its original
meaning.
§
196. The host of heaven. The heavenly bodies.
§
197. The host of the heavenly spirits.
§
198. Result with respect to the name Jehovah Sabaoth
§
199. Angels of higher order and special office
§
200. The doctrine of Satan
Second
Division. MAN’S RELIGIOUS AND MORAL RELATION TO GOD.
I.
DISTINCTION BETWEEN THE CEREMONIAL AND
THE MORAL LAW
§
201
II.
THE RUINOUS NATURE OF SIN. THE NEED OF
A NEW DISPENSATION OF GRACE.
§ 202.
III.
JUSTIFICATION BY FAITH
§ 203. The Old Testament form of faith
§ 204. The Old Testament experience of salvation
Third
Division. OF PROPHECY
First Subdivision. The prophetic
consciousness.
§ 205. Negative propositions.
§ 206. Positive propositions.
§
207. Psychological definition of the prophetic state in ancient times.
§
208. Place of this subject under Protestant theology
§
209. Continuity and elevation of the individual life in the prophetic state
§
210. Prophecy an inward intuition
§
211. The prophetic state illustrated by analogies: Dreams. Communion with God
in prayer.
§
212. The conceptions of genius and the natural powers of divination
Second subdivision: Of prophecy
§ 213. Its office in general
§
214. The prediction of particular events an essential element of prophecy
§
215-216. The peculiarities of Old Testament prophecy
Fourth
Division. OF THE KINGDOM OF GOD.
§ 217. Survey
First Subdivision. The Purpose of
God’s Kingdom; the contradiction thereto present by the present; the abolition
of this contradiction.
I.
THE DESIGN OF GOD’S KINGDOM
§ 218
II.
THE RELATION OF THE PRESENT TO THE
PURPOSE OF THE DIVINE KINGDOM
§ 219
III.
THE JUDGMENT
§ 220. The day of the Lord. The
judgment upon the Covenant people.
§ 221. The judgment upon the heathen nations.
Second Subdivision. The Future
Redemption.
I.
THE DELIVERANCE AND RESTORATION OF THE
COVENANT PEOPLE
§ 222. The restoration of Israel a
necessary event
§ 223. The remnant of Jacob. The new
covenant an everlasting one. The forgiveness of sins. The outpouring of the
Spirit.
§ 224. Other features of the times of
redemption.
§ 225-226. Death destroyed.
II.
THE ADMISSION OF THE HEATHEN INTO THE
KINGDOM OF GOD.
§ 227. The extension of the Kingdom of
God in the times of redemption
§ 228. The conditions under which the
admission of the heathen into the Kingdom of God is to take place
III.
THE MESSIAH
§ 229. Twofold view of the
consummation of redemption. The word of Messiah. The roots of the Messianic
hope in the
Pentateuch.
Pentateuch.
§ 230. The promise in 2 Sam. Vii. As the
foundation of the Messianic idea in the stricter sense
§ 231. The development of the idea of
the Messiah in the Prophets; the older prophetic writings; the prophetic
doctrine concerning the nature of the Messiah
§ 232. The office and work of the
Messiah.
PART
III – OLD TESTAMENT WISDOM
§ 235-236. General preliminary
remarks.
I.
OBJECTIVE DIVINE WISDOM.
§
237. The part of wisdom as an attribute of God in the universe. Its
personification.
§ 238. The Old Testament view of
nature.
§ 239. The intervention of wisdom in
human affairs.
II.
SUBJECTIVE HUMAN WISDOM
§ 240. The fear of the Lord the
subjective principle of wisdom.
§ 241-242. Practical wisdom.
III.
MORAL GOOD
§ 243. Its realization in the
individual life.
§ 244. Realization of moral good in the various social sphere. The view
take in Proverbs of evil and pain.
IV.
THE ENIGMAS OF HUMAN LIFE
§ 245. The enigmas themselves.
§ 246. The struggle to solve the
enigmas relating to this subject in the Psalms
§ 247-248. Solution of the enigmas in
the Book of Job
V.
RENUNCTION OF THE SOLUTION IN THE BOOK
OF ECCLESIASTES
§ 249. Standpoint of this book.
Inquiry concerning divine retribution and immortality.
§ 250. Moral teaching of the Book.
Conclusion.
Index of names and subjects
Index of texts
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