The Heidelberg
Catechism
As one Dutch
Elder once said, “This Catechism is the heart cry from the pew!”Question 76. What
is it then to eat the crucified body, and drink the shed blood of Christ?
Answer: It is not only to embrace with
believing heart all the sufferings and death of Christ and thereby to obtain
the pardon of sin, and life eternal; (a) but also, besides that, to become more
and more united to his sacred body, (b) by the Holy Ghost, who dwells both in
Christ and in us; so that we, though Christ is in heaven (c) and we on earth,
are notwithstanding "flesh of his flesh and bone of his bone" (d) and
that we live, and are governed forever by one spirit, (e) as members of the
same body are by one soul.
(a) John 6:35 And Jesus said unto them, I am the bread of
life: he that cometh to me shall never hunger; and he that believeth on me
shall never thirst. John 6:40 And this is the will of him that sent me, that
every one which seeth the Son, and believeth on him, may have everlasting life:
and I will raise him up at the last day. John 6:47 Verily, verily, I say unto
you, He that believeth on me hath everlasting life. John 6:48 I am that bread
of life. John 6:49 Your fathers did eat manna in the wilderness, and are dead.
John 6:50 This is the bread which cometh down from heaven, that a man may eat
thereof, and not die. John 6:51 I am the living bread which came down from
heaven: if any man eat of this bread, he shall live for ever: and the bread
that I will give is my flesh, which I will give for the life of the world. John
6:52 The Jews therefore strove among themselves, saying, How can this man give
us his flesh to eat? John 6:53 Then Jesus said unto them, Verily, verily, I say
unto you, Except ye eat the flesh of the Son of man, and drink his blood, ye
have no life in you. John 6:54 Whoso eateth my flesh, and drinketh my blood,
hath eternal life; and I will raise him up at the last day. (b) John 6:55 For
my flesh is meat indeed, and my blood is drink indeed. John 6:56 He that eateth
my flesh, and drinketh my blood, dwelleth in me, and I in him. (c) Col.3:1 If
ye then be risen with Christ, seek those things which are above, where Christ
sitteth on the right hand of God. Acts 3:21 Whom the heaven must receive until
the times of restitution of all things, which God hath spoken by the mouth of
all his holy prophets since the world began. 1 Cor.11:26 For as often as ye eat
this bread, and drink this cup, ye do shew the Lord's death till he come. (d)
Eph.3:16 That he would grant you, according to the riches of his glory, to be
strengthened with might by his Spirit in the inner man; Eph.5:29 For no man ever
yet hated his own flesh; but nourisheth and cherisheth it, even as the Lord the
church: Eph.5:30 For we are members of his body, of his flesh, and of his
bones. Eph.5:32 This is a great mystery: but I speak concerning Christ and the
church. 1 Cor.6:15 Know ye not that your bodies are the members of Christ?
shall I then take the members of Christ, and make them the members of an
harlot? God forbid. 1 Cor.6:17 But he that is joined unto the Lord is one
spirit. 1 Cor.6:19 What? know ye not that your body is the temple of the Holy
Ghost which is in you, which ye have of God, and ye are not your own? 1 John
3:24 And he that keepeth his commandments dwelleth in him, and he in him. And
hereby we know that he abideth in us, by the Spirit which he hath given us. 1 John
4:13 Hereby know we that we dwell in him, and he in us, because he hath given
us of his Spirit. John 14:23 Jesus answered and said unto him, If a man love
me, he will keep my words: and my Father will love him, and we will come unto
him, and make our abode with him. (e) John 6:56 He that eateth my flesh, and
drinketh my blood, dwelleth in me, and I in him. John 6:57 As the living Father
hath sent me, and I live by the Father: so he that eateth me, even he shall
live by me. John 6:58 This is that bread which came down from heaven: not as
your fathers did eat manna, and are dead: he that eateth of this bread shall
live for ever. John 15:1 I am the true vine, and my Father is the husbandman.
John 15:2 Every branch in me that beareth not fruit he taketh away: and every
branch that beareth fruit, he purgeth it, that it may bring forth more fruit.
John 15:3 Now ye are clean through the word which I have spoken unto you. John
15:4 Abide in me, and I in you. As the branch cannot bear fruit of itself,
except it abide in the vine; no more can ye, except ye abide in me. John 15:5 I
am the vine, ye are the branches: He that abideth in me, and I in him, the same
bringeth forth much fruit: for without me ye can do nothing. John 15:6 If a man
abide not in me, he is cast forth as a branch, and is withered; and men gather
them, and cast them into the fire, and they are burned. Eph.4:15 But speaking
the truth in love, may grow up into him in all things, which is the head, even
Christ: Eph.4:16 From whom the whole body fitly joined together and compacted
by that which every joint supplieth, according to the effectual working in the
measure of every part, maketh increase of the body unto the edifying of itself
in love.
Question 77. Where has Christ promised that he
will as certainly feed and nourish believers with his body and bleed, as they
eat of this broken bread, and drink of this cup?
Answer: In the institution of the supper,
which is thus expressed: (a) "The Lord Jesus, the same night in which he
was betrayed, took bread, and when he had given thanks, he brake it, and: said:
eat, this is my body, which is broken for you; this do in remembrance of me.
After the same manner also he took the cup, when he had supped, saying: this
cup is the new testament in my blood; this do ye, as often as ye drink it, in
remembrance of me. For, as often as ye eat this bread, and drink this cup, ye
do show the Lord's death till he come." 1 Cor.11:23-26. This promise is
repeated by the holy apostle Paul, where he says "The cup of blessing
which we bless, is it not the communion of the blood of Christ? The bread which
we break, is it not the communion of the body of Christ? For we being many are
one bread, and one body: for we are all partakers of that one bread." 1
Cor.10:16,17.
(a) 1 Cor.11:23 For I have received of the Lord that
which also I delivered unto you, That the Lord Jesus the same night in which he
was betrayed took bread: 1 Cor.11:24 And when he had given thanks, he brake it,
and said, Take, eat: this is my body, which is broken for you: this do in
remembrance of me. 1 Cor.11:25 After the same manner also he took the cup, when
he had supped, saying, This cup is the new testament in my blood: this do ye,
as oft as ye drink it, in remembrance of me. Matt.26:26 And as they were
eating, Jesus took bread, and blessed it, and brake it, and gave it to the
disciples, and said, Take, eat; this is my body. Matt.26:27 And he took the
cup, and gave thanks, and gave it to them, saying, Drink ye all of it;
Matt.26:28 For this is my blood of the new testament, which is shed for many
for the remission of sins. Mark 14:22 And as they did eat, Jesus took bread,
and blessed, and brake it, and gave to them, and said, Take, eat: this is my
body. Mark 14:23 And he took the cup, and when he had given thanks, he gave it
to them: and they all drank of it. Mark 14:24 And he said unto them, This is my
blood of the new testament, which is shed for many. Luke 22:19 And he took
bread, and gave thanks, and brake it, and gave unto them, saying, This is my
body which is given for you: this do in remembrance of me. Luke 22:20 Likewise
also the cup after supper, saying, This cup is the new testament in my blood,
which is shed for you. 1 Cor.10:16 The cup of blessing which we bless, is it
not the communion of the blood of Christ? The bread which we break, is it not
the communion of the body of Christ? 1 Cor.10:17 For we being many are one
bread, and one body: for we are all partakers of that one bread.
29. Lord's Day
Question 78. Do then
the bread and wine become the very body and blood of Christ?
Answer: Not at all: (a) but as the water in
baptism is not changed into the blood of Christ, neither is the washing away of
sin itself, being only the sign and confirmation thereof appointed of God; (b)
so the bread in the Lord's supper is not changed into the very body of Christ;
(c) though agreeably to the nature and properties of sacraments, (d) it is
called the body of Christ Jesus.
(a) Matt.26:29 But I say unto you, I will not drink
henceforth of this fruit of the vine, until that day when I drink it new with
you in my Father's kingdom. (b) Eph.5:26 That he might sanctify and cleanse it
with the washing of water by the word, Tit.3:5 Not by works of righteousness
which we have done, but according to his mercy he saved us, by the washing of
regeneration, and renewing of the Holy Ghost; (c) Mark 14:24 And he said unto
them, This is my blood of the new testament, which is shed for many. 1
Cor.10:16 The cup of blessing which we bless, is it not the communion of the
blood of Christ? The bread which we break, is it not the communion of the body
of Christ? 1 Cor.10:17 For we being many are one bread, and one body: for we
are all partakers of that one bread. 1 Cor.11:26 For as often as ye eat this
bread, and drink this cup, ye do shew the Lord's death till he come. 1
Cor.11:27 Wherefore whosoever shall eat this bread, and drink this cup of the
Lord, unworthily, shall be guilty of the body and blood of the Lord. 1
Cor.11:28 But let a man examine himself, and so let him eat of that bread, and
drink of that cup. (d) Gen.17:10 This is my covenant, which ye shall keep,
between me and you and thy seed after thee; Every man child among you shall be
circumcised. Gen.17:11 And ye shall circumcise the flesh of your foreskin; and
it shall be a token of the covenant betwixt me and you. Gen.17:14 And the
uncircumcised man child whose flesh of his foreskin is not circumcised, that
soul shall be cut off from his people; he hath broken my covenant. Gen.17:19
And God said, Sarah thy wife shall bear thee a son indeed; and thou shalt call
his name Isaac: and I will establish my covenant with him for an everlasting
covenant, and with his seed after him. Exod.12:11 And thus shall ye eat it;
with your loins girded, your shoes on your feet, and your staff in your hand;
and ye shall eat it in haste: it is the LORD'S passover. Exod.12:13 And the
blood shall be to you for a token upon the houses where ye are: and when I see
the blood, I will pass over you, and the plague shall not be upon you to
destroy you, when I smite the land of Egypt. Exod.12:27 That ye shall say, It
is the sacrifice of the LORD'S passover, who passed over the houses of the
children of Israel in Egypt, when he smote the Egyptians, and delivered our
houses. And the people bowed the head and worshipped. Exod.12:43 And the LORD
said unto Moses and Aaron, This is the ordinance of the passover: There shall
no stranger eat thereof: Exod.12:48 And when a stranger shall sojourn with
thee, and will keep the passover to the LORD, let all his males be circumcised,
and then let him come near and keep it; and he shall be as one that is born in
the land: for no uncircumcised person shall eat thereof. Exod.13:9 And it shall
be for a sign unto thee upon thine hand, and for a memorial between thine eyes,
that the LORD'S law may be in thy mouth: for with a strong hand hath the LORD
brought thee out of Egypt. 1 Pet.3:21 The like figure whereunto even baptism
doth also now save us (not the putting away of the filth of the flesh, but the
answer of a good conscience toward God,) by the resurrection of Jesus Christ: 1
Cor.10:1 Moreover, brethren, I would not that ye should be ignorant, how that
all our fathers were under the cloud, and all passed through the sea; 1
Cor.10:2 And were all baptized unto Moses in the cloud and in the sea; 1
Cor.10:3 And did all eat the same spiritual meat; 1 Cor.10:4 And did all drink
the same spiritual drink: for they drank of that spiritual Rock that followed
them: and that Rock was Christ.
Question 79. Why
then doth Christ call the bread "his body", and the cup "his
blood", or "the new covenant in his blood"; and Paul the
"communion of body and blood of Christ"?
Answer: Christ speaks thus, not without great
reason, namely, not only thereby to teach us, that as bread and wine support
this temporal life, so his crucified body and shed blood are the true meat and
drink, whereby our souls are fed to eternal life; (a) but more especially by
these visible signs and pledges to assure us, that we are as really partakers
of his true body and blood by the operation of the Holy Ghost as we receive by
the mouths of our bodies these holy signs in remembrance of him; (b) and that
all his sufferings and obedience are as certainly ours, as if we had in our own
persons suffered and made satisfaction for our sins to God.
(a) John 6:51 I am the living bread which came down from
heaven: if any man eat of this bread, he shall live for ever: and the bread
that I will give is my flesh, which I will give for the life of the world. John
6:55 For my flesh is meat indeed, and my blood is drink indeed. (b) 1 Cor.10:16
The cup of blessing which we bless, is it not the communion of the blood of
Christ? The bread which we break, is it not the communion of the body of
Christ? 1 Cor.10:17 For we being many are one bread, and one body: for we are
all partakers of that one bread.
30. Lord's Day
Question 80. What
difference is there between the Lord's supper and the popish mass?
Answer: The Lord's supper testifies to us,
that we have a full pardon of all sin by the only sacrifice of Jesus Christ,
which he himself has once accomplished on the cross; (a) and, that we by the
Holy Ghost are ingrafted into Christ, (b) who, according to his human nature is
now not on earth, but in heaven, at the right hand of God his Father, (c) and
will there be worshipped by us. (d) But the mass teaches, that the living and
dead have not the pardon of sins through the sufferings of Christ, unless
Christ is also daily offered for them by the priests; and further, that Christ
is bodily under the form of bread and wine, and therefore is to be worshipped
in them; so that the mass, at bottom, is nothing else than a denial of the one
sacrifice and sufferings of Jesus Christ, and an accursed idolatry. (e)
(a) Heb.7:27 Who needeth not daily, as those high
priests, to offer up sacrifice, first for his own sins, and then for the
people's: for this he did once, when he offered up himself. Heb.9:12 Neither by
the blood of goats and calves, but by his own blood he entered in once into the
holy place, having obtained eternal redemption for us. Heb.9:25 Nor yet that he
should offer himself often, as the high priest entereth into the holy place
every year with blood of others; Heb.9:26 For then must he often have suffered
since the foundation of the world: but now once in the end of the world hath he
appeared to put away sin by the sacrifice of himself. Heb.9:27 And as it is
appointed unto men once to die, but after this the judgment: Heb.9:28 So Christ
was once offered to bear the sins of many; and unto them that look for him shall
he appear the second time without sin unto salvation. Heb.10:10 By the which
will we are sanctified through the offering of the body of Jesus Christ once
for all. Heb.10:12 But this man, after he had offered one sacrifice for sins
for ever, sat down on the right hand of God; Heb.10:13 From henceforth
expecting till his enemies be made his footstool. Heb.10:14 For by one offering
he hath perfected for ever them that are sanctified. John 19:30 When Jesus
therefore had received the vinegar, he said, It is finished: and he bowed his
head, and gave up the ghost. Matt.26:28 For this is my blood of the new
testament, which is shed for many for the remission of sins. Luke 22:19 And he
took bread, and gave thanks, and brake it, and gave unto them, saying, This is
my body which is given for you: this do in remembrance of me. Luke 22:20
Likewise also the cup after supper, saying, This cup is the new testament in my
blood, which is shed for you. (b) 1 Cor.6:17 But he that is joined unto the
Lord is one spirit. 1 Cor.10:16 The cup of blessing which we bless, is it not
the communion of the blood of Christ? The bread which we break, is it not the
communion of the body of Christ? (c) Heb.1:3 Who being the brightness of his
glory, and the express image of his person, and upholding all things by the
word of his power, when he had by himself purged our sins, sat down on the
right hand of the Majesty on high; Heb.8:1 Now of the things which we have
spoken this is the sum: We have such an high priest, who is set on the right hand
of the throne of the Majesty in the heavens; Heb.8:2 A minister of the
sanctuary, and of the true tabernacle, which the Lord pitched, and not man.
John 20:17 Jesus saith unto her, Touch me not; for I am not yet ascended to my
Father: but go to my brethren, and say unto them, I ascend unto my Father, and
your Father; and to my God, and your God. (d) Matt.6:20 But lay up for
yourselves treasures in heaven, where neither moth nor rust doth corrupt, and
where thieves do not break through nor steal: Matt.6:21 For where your treasure
is, there will your heart be also. John 4:21 Jesus saith unto her, Woman,
believe me, the hour cometh, when ye shall neither in this mountain, nor yet at
Jerusalem, worship the Father. John 4:22 Ye worship ye know not what: we know
what we worship: for salvation is of the Jews. John 4:23 But the hour cometh,
and now is, when the true worshippers shall worship the Father in spirit and in
truth: for the Father seeketh such to worship him. John 4:24 God is a Spirit:
and they that worship him must worship him in spirit and in truth. Luke 24:52
And they worshipped him, and returned to Jerusalem with great joy: Acts 7:55
But he, being full of the Holy Ghost, looked up stedfastly into heaven, and saw
the glory of God, and Jesus standing on the right hand of God, Acts 7:56 And
said, Behold, I see the heavens opened, and the Son of man standing on the
right hand of God. Col.3:1 If ye then be risen with Christ, seek those things
which are above, where Christ sitteth on the right hand of God. Philip.3:20 For
our conversation is in heaven; from whence also we look for the Saviour, the
Lord Jesus Christ: Philip.3:21 Who shall change our vile body, that it may be
fashioned like unto his glorious body, according to the working whereby he is
able even to subdue all things unto himself. 1 Thess.1:10 And to wait for his
Son from heaven, whom he raised from the dead, even Jesus, which delivered us
from the wrath to come. Heb.9:6 Now when these things were thus ordained, the
priests went always into the first tabernacle, accomplishing the service of
God. Heb.9:7 But into the second went the high priest alone once every year,
not without blood, which he offered for himself, and for the errors of the
people: Heb.9:8 The Holy Ghost this signifying, that the way into the holiest
of all was not yet made manifest, while as the first tabernacle was yet
standing: Heb.9:9 Which was a figure for the time then present, in which were
offered both gifts and sacrifices, that could not make him that did the service
perfect, as pertaining to the conscience; Heb.9:10 Which stood only in meats
and drinks, and divers washings, and carnal ordinances, imposed on them until
the time of reformation. (e) Heb.9:26 For then must he often have suffered
since the foundation of the world: but now once in the end of the world hath he
appeared to put away sin by the sacrifice of himself. Heb.10:12 But this man,
after he had offered one sacrifice for sins for ever, sat down on the right
hand of God; Heb.10:14 For by one offering he hath perfected for ever them that
are sanctified. Heb.10:19 Having therefore, brethren, boldness to enter into
the holiest by the blood of Jesus, Heb.10:20 By a new and living way, which he
hath consecrated for us, through the veil, that is to say, his flesh; Heb.10:21
And having an high priest over the house of God; Heb.10:22 Let us draw near
with a true heart in full assurance of faith, having our hearts sprinkled from
an evil conscience, and our bodies washed with pure water. Heb.10:23 Let us
hold fast the profession of our faith without wavering; (for he is faithful
that promised;) Heb.10:24 And let us consider one another to provoke unto love
and to good works: Heb.10:25 Not forsaking the assembling of ourselves
together, as the manner of some is; but exhorting one another: and so much the
more, as ye see the day approaching. Heb.10:26 For if we sin wilfully after
that we have received the knowledge of the truth, there remaineth no more
sacrifice for sins, Heb.10:27 But a certain fearful looking for of judgment and
fiery indignation, which shall devour the adversaries. Heb.10:28 He that
despised Moses' law died without mercy under two or three witnesses: Heb.10:29
Of how much sorer punishment, suppose ye, shall he be thought worthy, who hath
trodden under foot the Son of God, and hath counted the blood of the covenant,
wherewith he was sanctified, an unholy thing, and hath done despite unto the
Spirit of grace? Heb.10:30 For we know him that hath said, Vengeance belongeth
unto me, I will recompense, saith the Lord. And again, The Lord shall judge his
people. Heb.10:31 It is a fearful thing to fall into the hands of the living
God.
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