Reformed Churchmen

We are Confessional Calvinists and a Prayer Book Church-people. In 2012, we remembered the 350th anniversary of the 1662 Book of Common Prayer; also, we remembered the 450th anniversary of John Jewel's sober, scholarly, and Reformed "An Apology of the Church of England." In 2013, we remembered the publication of the "Heidelberg Catechism" and the influence of Reformed theologians in England, including Heinrich Bullinger's Decades. For 2014: Tyndale's NT translation. For 2015, John Roger, Rowland Taylor and Bishop John Hooper's martyrdom, burned at the stakes. Books of the month. December 2014: Alan Jacob's "Book of Common Prayer" at: http://www.amazon.com/Book-Common-Prayer-Biography-Religious/dp/0691154813/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1417814005&sr=8-1&keywords=jacobs+book+of+common+prayer. January 2015: A.F. Pollard's "Thomas Cranmer and the English Reformation: 1489-1556" at: http://www.amazon.com/Thomas-Cranmer-English-Reformation-1489-1556/dp/1592448658/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1420055574&sr=8-1&keywords=A.F.+Pollard+Cranmer. February 2015: Jaspar Ridley's "Thomas Cranmer" at: http://www.amazon.com/Thomas-Cranmer-Jasper-Ridley/dp/0198212879/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1422892154&sr=8-1&keywords=jasper+ridley+cranmer&pebp=1422892151110&peasin=198212879

Friday, August 23, 2013

Mr. (Rev. Prof.) Louis Berkhof, Bio-notes, Outline of "Systematic Theology"


        Berkhof, Louis.  Systematic Theology.  Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1977. 


There is also free online pdf-version of Systematic Theology at: http://books.biblicaltraining.org/Systematic%20Theology%20by%20Louis%20Berkhof.pdf

First, we include a brief Wiki-bio.  Second, we call attention to a short bio: http://www.ccel.org/ccel/berkhof .  Third, there is an excellent summary by Banner of Truth’s Mr. (Rev.) Geoff Thomas at: http://www.banneroftruth.org/pages/articles/article_detail.php?1389 .  We did not reduplicate that but we do recommend the article.  Fourth, we have included an outline of Mr. Berkhof’s infamous Systematic Theology. (5) Before the Wiki-bio, this observation:  Aren’t you glad for the Calvinists in Grand Rapids?  For Zondervan, Baker Academics, William B. Eerdmans, Kregel Publishing and more?


Louis Berkhof (1873 – 1957) was a Reformed systematic theologian whose written works have been influential in seminaries and Bible colleges in the United States and Canada and with individual Christians in general throughout the 20th century.

Personal life


Berkhof was born in 1873 in Emmen, Drenthe, in the Netherlands and moved with his family to Grand Rapids, Michigan, in 1882.

About the time he graduated from the seminary he married Reka Dijkhuis. They had four children before her death in 1928. He then married Dena Heyns-Joldersma who had two daughters.[1]

Education and career


In 1900, he graduated from Calvin Theological Seminary in Grand Rapids after which he was appointed pastor of the First Christian Reformed Church in Allendale Charter Township, Michigan. Two years later he attended Princeton Theological Seminary where he earned his B.D. in two years. He returned to Grand Rapids to pastor Oakdale Park Church.


In 1906, he joined the faculty of Calvin Theological Seminary and taught there for almost four decades. For the first 20 years he taught Biblical Studies until in 1926 he moved into the systematic theology department. He became president of the seminary in 1931 and continued in that office until he retired in 1944.[2]

Publications


Berkhof wrote twenty-two books during his career.[1]

His main works are his Systematic Theology (1932, revised 1938) which was supplemented with an Introductory Volume to Systematic Theology (1932, which is included in the 1996 Eerdmans’s edition of Systematic Theology) and a separate volume entitled History of Christian Doctrines (1937).

He wrote a more concise version of his Systematic Theology for high school and college students entitled Manual of Christian Doctrine, and later wrote the even more concise Summary of Christian Doctrine.

He also delivered Princeton Theological Seminary's Stone Lectures in 1951. These were published as The Kingdom of God.

In addition to this, he worked on many papers for the Christian Reformed Church as well as collections of sermons.[2]

Legacy


Berkhof was not known for being original or speculative but for being very good at organizing and explaining basic theological ideas following in the tradition of John Calvin, Abraham Kuyper and Herman Bavinck.

Theologian Wayne Grudem has called Berkhof's Systematic Theology "a great treasure-house of information and analysis... probably the most useful one-volume systematic theology available from any theological perspective."[3]

Berkhof's writings continue to serve as systematic presentations of Reformed theology. They are organized for use in seminaries and religious education as well as individual reference, though his systematics works are demanding reads.[4]

References



2.  ^ a b Louis Berkhof

3.  ^ Grudem, Systematic Theology, Zondervan, 1994, pg. 1225


External links



 

Part One

The Doctrine of God

(The Being of God)

1.  The Existence of God

A.  Place of the Doctrine of God in Dogmatics

B.  Scriptural Proof for the Existence of God

C.  Denial of the Existence of God in Various Forms

D. The So-Called Rational Proofs

2.  The Knowability of God

A.  God Incomprehensible but yet Knowable

B.  Denial of the Knowability of God

C.  Self-Revelation the Pre-requisite of all Knowledge of God

3.  Relation of the Being and Attributes of God

A.  The Being of God

B.  The Possibility of Knowing the Being of God

C.  The Being of god Revealed in His Attributes

4.  Names of God

A.  Names of God in General

B.  The Old Testament Names and their Meaning

C.  The New Testament Names and their Meaning

5.  Attributes of God in General

A.  Self-existence of God

B.  Method of Determining the Attributes of God

C.  Suggested Divisions of the Attributes

6.  The Incommunicable Attributes

A.  The Self-Existence of God

B.  Intellectual Attributes

C.  Moral Attributes

D. Attributes of Sovereignty

7.  Communicable Attributes

A.  Spirituality of God

B.  Intellectual Attributes

C.  Moral Attributes

D. Attributes of Sovereignty

8.  Holy Trinity

A.  Doctrine of Trinity in History

B.  God as Trinity in Unity

C.  Three Persons Considered Separately

 

(Works of God)

 

1.  Divine Decrees in General

A.  Doctrine of Decrees in Theology

B.  Scriptural Names for the Divine Decrees

C.  Nature of the Divine Decrees

D. Characteristics of the Divine Decrees

E.  Objections to the Divine Decrees

2.  Predestination

A.  Doctrine of Predestination in History

B.  Scriptural Terms

C.  Author and Objects

D. Parts of Predestination

E.  Infra-lapsarianism and Supra-lapsarianism

3.  Creation in General

A.  In History

B.  Scriptures

C.  Idea

D. Divergent theories

4.  Creation of Spiritual World

A.  Angels in history

B.  Existence of angels

C.  Nature of angels

D. Number and organization

E.  Service of angels

F.  Evil angels

5.  Creation of the Material World

A.  Scriptural Account

B.  Hexameron, or the Work of Separate Days

6.  Providence

A.  Providence in General

B.  Preservation

C.  Concurrence

D. Government

E.  Extraordinary Providence or Miracles

 

Part Two

Doctrine of Man in Relation to God

Man in His Original State

 

1.  The Origin of Man

A.  In Dogmatics

B.  Scriptures

C.  Evolutionary Theory

D. Origin of man and unity of human race

2.  Constitutional nature of man

3.  Man as Image of God

A.  Historical views

B.  Scripture

C.  Man as the Image of God

D. Original condition of man

4.  Man in the Covenant of Works

A.  Doctrine of the covenant of works in history

B.  Scriptures

C.  Elements of covenant of works

D. Present status of the covenant of works

 

Man in the State of Sin

 

1.  Origin of sin

A.  Historical views

B.  Scripture

C.  Nature of first sin or fall of man

D. First sin as occasioned by the temptation

E.  Evolutionary explanation

F.  Results of first sin

2.  Essential character of sin

A.  Philosophic theories

B.  Scriptures

C.  Pelagian view

D. Roman Catholic view

3.  Transmission of sin

A.  Historical review

B.  Universality of sin

C.  Connection of Adam’s sin with human race

4.  Sin in the life of the human race

A.  Original sin

B.  Actual sin

5.  Punishment of sin

A.  Natural and positive penalties

B.  Nature and purpose of punishments

C.  Actual penalty of sin

 

Man in the Covenant of Grace

 

1.  Name and concept of the covenant

A.  Name

B.  Concept

2.  Covenant of redemption

A.  Separate discussion of this desirable

B.  Scriptures

C.  The Son in the covenant of redemption

D. Requirements and promises

E.  Relation of covenant of redemption to the covenant of grace

3.  Nature of the covenant of grace

A.  Comparison of the covenant of grace and covenant of works

B.  Contracting parties

C.  Contents

D. Characteristics

E.  Relation of Christ to the covenant of grace

4.  Dual aspect of the covenant

A.  External and internal

B.  Essence and administration

C.  Conditional and absolute covenant

D. Covenant as purely legal relationship and as communion of life

E.  Membership in the covenant as a legal relationship

5.  Different dispensations of the covenant

A.  Proper conception of the different dispensations

B.  Old Testament dispensation

C.  New Testament dispensation

 

Part Three

The Doctrine of the Person and Work of Christ

The Person of Christ

 

1.  Doctrine of Christ in History

A.  Relation between anthropology and Christology

C.  Doctrine of Christ before the Reformation

D. Doctrine of Christ after the Reformation

2.  Names and natures of Christ

A.  Names

B.  Natures

3.  Unipersonality of Christ

A.  Statement of the church’s view respecting the Person of Christ

B.  Scriptural proof for the unipersonality of Christ

C.  Effects of the union of two natures in one person

D. Unipersonality a mystery

E.  Lutheran doctrine of the communication of attributes

F.  Kenosis doctrine in its various forms

G. Theory of gradual incarnation

The States of Christ

1.  The state of humiliation

A.  Doctrine of the states of Christ in general

2.  The state of humiliation—incarnation, birth, sufferings, death, burial, descent to Hades

3.  The state of exaltation—general remarks, resurrection, ascension, session, physical return

 

The Offices of Christ

 

1.  Introduction: the Prophetic Office

A.  Idea of offices in history

B.  Prophetic office

2.  Priestly office

A.  Scriptural idea

B.  Sacrificial idea

3.  Cause and necessity of the atonement

A.  Moving cause

B.  Historical views of the necessity of the atonement

C.  Proofs of the necessity of the atonement

D. Objections to the doctrine of the absolute necessity of the atonement

4.  Nature of the atonement

A.  Statement of the penal substitutionary doctrine of the atonement—objective, vicarious, includes active and passive obedience

B.  Objections to the satisfaction or penal substitutionary atonement

5.  Divergent theories of the atonement

A.  Theories of early church

B.  Satisfaction theory of Anselm

C.  Moral influence theory

D. Example theory

E.  Governmental theory

F.  Mystical theory

G. Theory of vicarious repentance

6.  Purpose and extent of the atonement

A.  Purpose

B.  Extent

7.  Intercessory work of Christ

A.  Scriptures

B.  Nature

C.  Persons for whom and things for which He intercedes

D. Characteristics

8.  Kingly Office

A.  Scripture

B.  Over universe

 

Part Four

Doctrine of the Application of the Work of Redemption

 

1.  Soteriology in general

A.  Connection of soteriology and previous loci

B.  Ordo salutis

2.  Operation of the Holy Spirit in general

A.  Transition of the work of the Holy Spirit in general

B.  The Holy Spirit as the Dispenser of divine grace

3.  Common grace

A.  Origin of the doctrine

B.  Name and concept

C.  Common grace and the atonement

D. Relation between special and common grace

E.  Means by which it operates

F.  Objections to the Reformed doctrine of common grace

4.  Mystical union

A.  Nature

B.  Characteristics

C.  Erroneous conceptions

D. Significance

5.  Calling in general and external calling

A.  Reason for discussing calling first

B.  Calling in general

C.  External calling

6.  Regeneration and effectual calling

A.  Scriptural terms for regeneration and their implications

B.  Use of term “regeneration” in theology

C.  Essential nature of regeneration

D. Effectual calling in relation to external calling and regeneration

E.  Necessity of regeneration

F.  Efficient cause of regeneration

G. Use of Word of God as instrument of regeneration

H. Divergent views of regeneration

7.  Conversion

A.  Scriptural term for conversion

B.  Biblical idea

C.  Characteristics

D. Different elements in conversion

E.  Psychology of conversion

F.  Author of conversion

G. Necessity of conversion

H. Relation of conversion to other stages of the saving process

8.  Faith

A.  Scripture

B.  Figurative expressions to describe activity of faith

C.  Doctrine in history

D. “Faith” in the Scripture

E.  Faith in general

F.  Faith in religious sense and particularly saving faith

G. Faith and assurance

H. Roman Catholic conception of faith

9.  Justification

A.  Scriptural terms for justification

B.  History

C.  Nature and characteristics

D. Elements

E.  Sphere in which it occurs

F.  Time of

G. Ground of

H. Objections to

I.    Divergent views of

10.  Sanctification

A.  Scripture

B.  History

C.  Biblical idea of holiness and sanctification

D. Nature of

E.  Characteristics of

F.  Author and means of

G. Relation of sanctification to other stages of ordo salutis

H. Imperfect character of

I.    Sanctification and good works

11. Perseverance of the saints

A.  History

B.  Statement of doctrine

C.  Proof

D. Objections

E.  Denials of this doctrine makes salvation depend on man’s will

 

Part Five

The Doctrine of the Church and the Means of Grace

The Church

 

1.  Scriptural names of the church and the doctrine of the church in history

A.  Scriptural names

B.  History

2.  Nature of the church

A.  Essence of church

B.  Many-sided character of church

C.  Various definitions

D. Church and the kingdom of God

E.  Church in different dispensations

F.  Attributes of church

G. Marks of the church

3.  Government of the church

A.  Different theories respecting the origin of the church

B.  Fundamental principles of Presbyterian or Reformed system

C.  Officers of the church

D. Ecclesiastical assemblies

4.  Power of the church

A.  Source of church power

B.  Nature of this power

C.  Different kinds of church power

The means of grace

1.  Means of grace in general

A.  Idea of means of grace

B.  Characteristics of the Word and Sacraments in general

C.  Historical views

D. Characteristic elements in the Reformed doctrine of the means of grace

2.  The Word as a means of grace

A.  Meaning of the term “Word” in this connection

B.  Relation of the Word to the Holy Spirit

C.  Two parts of the Word of God as the means of grace

D. Three-fold use of the Law

3.  Sacraments in general

A.  Relation between the Word and Sacraments

B.  Origin and meaning of the word “sacrament”

C.  Component parts of the sacraments

D. Necessity of the sacraments

E.  Old and New Testament sacraments compared

F.  Number of Sacraments

4.  Christian baptism

A.  Analogies

B.  Institution

C.  History

D. Proper mode

E.  Lawful administrators

F.  Proper subjects

5.  Lord’s Supper

A.  Analogies

B.  History

C.  Scriptural names

D. Institution of Lord’s Supper

E.  Things signified and sealed

F.  Sacramental union or the question of the Real Presence of Christ in the Lord’s Supper

G. Lord’s Supper as a means of grace or its efficacy

H. Persons for whom the Lord’s Supper is instituted

 

Part Six

The Doctrine of Last Things

Individual Eschatology

 

1.  Introductory chapter

A.  Eschatology in philosophy and religion

B.  History of the church

C.  Relation of eschatology to the rest of Dogmatics

D. Name “Eschatology”

E.  Contents of eschatology: general and individual

2.  Physical death

A.  Nature of physical death

B.  Connection of sin and death

C.  Significance of the death of believers

3.  Immortality of the soul

A.  Different connotations of the term “immortality”

B.  Testimony of general revelation to the immortality of the soul

C.  Testimony of special revelation to the immortality of the soul

D. Objections to the doctrine of personal immortality and modern substitutes for it

4.  The intermediate state

A.  Scriptural view of the intermediate state

B.  Doctrine of intermediate state in history

C.  Modern construction of the doctrine of Sheol-Hades

D. Roman Catholic doctrine respecting the abode of the soul after death

E.  State of the soul after death is one of conscious existence

F.  Intermediate state not a state of further probation

 

General Eschatology

1.  Second Coming of Christ

A.  2nd coming as single event

B.  Great events preceding the parousia

C.  The Parousia or 2nd coming

2.  Millenial views

A.  Premillenialism—past, present and objections to it

B.  Postmillenialism—different forms and objections to it

3.  Resurrection of the dead

A.  The doctrine in history

B.  Scriptural proof

C.  Nature of the resurrection

D. Time of the resurrection

4.  Final Judgment

A.  Doctrine of the Last Judgment in history

B.  Nature of the final judgment

C.  Erroneous views of the final judgment

D. The Judge and His assistants

E.  Parties that will be judged

F.  Time of the judgment

G. Standard of the judgment

H. Parts of the judgment

5.  Final state

A.  Final state of the wicked

B.  Final state of the righteous

 

 

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