Beard, Charles. Martin Luther and the Reformation in Germany Until the Close of the Diet of Worms. London: Philip Green, 1896.
The first four chapters lay the foundation, chapters 1-4. Chapter 1 deals with the political description of the Romano-Germanic Empire. Chapters 5-9 deal with a contracted and tight period of 1517-1521 for Mr. Martin Luther.
While Lutheranism is one interest, this period and study informs English developments. E.g., how did English dioceses, e.g. York, get so rich? Who paid to build all those English Cathedrals? Why was Wcyliffe disgusted with London and Canterbury? Or, how do butcher's son become Princes and Lords in Parliament? What was the interplay between the bishop of Rome, now claiming universal jurisdiction (to Constantinople's disgust), and the Emperors? And, what about Mr. (Canterbury) Cranmer? Rags to riches? Lackey to Mr. Harry VIII? A "servile slave" or steadfast Reformer?
How did the Church get so wealthy, powerful, Princely, and sovereign in the early and high Middle Ages? Before Mr. Luther and our immediate interest, Mr. (Canterbury) Cranmer? And Avignon, Conciliarism or absolutist Papal sovereignty, e.g. Fifth Lateran Council?
Mr. (Henry VIII) Tudor will gain a windfall when the monasteries and lands are dissolved. This was "after" the 1.0 version of Anglicanism in the 16th century: Papal Romanism. In the 2.0 version, Non-Papal Romanism, there were financial repercussions...to Rome's disadvantage.
Continuing the review of the Romano-Germanic Empire, or, Holy Germanic Empire, or Holy Roman Empire, the Church finds itself in large possession of vast tracts of land. Here's are some findings from Mr. Beard/
• 1/4th to 1/3rd of all lands in Germany were in the hands of the Church
• NE—the domains fell to the Teutonic Knights and ultimately came to the House of Brandenberg
• NW—dioceses of Bremen, Utrecht, Munster and Paderborn
• Netherlands—largely to the diocese of Liege
• French frontier—largely dioceses of Metz and Strassburg
• Along the Rhine—Koln, Trier, and Mainz
• Central Germany—Hildesheim, Halberstadt, Magdeburg, Wurzburg, and Bamborn
• Italian frontier—dioceses of Salzburg and Trent
Mr. Beard informs us, pg. 11, that the “ecclesiastical went hand in hand with the civil organization.”
Charles Martel and his successors, Boniface, received episcopal consecration from Mr. (pope) Gregory II. The German dioceses had the “firmest bonds of obedience to the Papacy.”
Charlemagne captured the barbaric NE region, subjugated the Saxons, imposed Christianity, a “victory of Christianity over heathenism.”
As new territories emerged, new dioceses developed.
Otho the Great, 962ish, continued the same policy.
Mr. Beard doesn't raise the issue, but we might. That is, King Alfred the Great in England, a pious, educated and strong king who fended off Viking raiders to a degree...the Danes took eastern England.
In these “outposts of civilization, the bishops…the best representatives of law and order in a time of recurring confusion gradually arrogated to themselves rights and power usually associated with sovereignty.”
Vast grants of land were ceded, deeded, and transferred to major bishoprics, perhaps tacitly and not so tacitly, in a contractual and feudal way to assist in regional social, legal, and religious control.
Perhaps in time, Mr. Beard will tell us about the Isadorean Decretals, forged documents used by the Misters Popes.
Also, the revival of legal studies in old Roman and Byzantine paths as bringing about legal-political reforms that consolidated Princely powers. Towards "absolutism," something later Roman Emperors practiced and would surface in Tudor-Stuart times.
Speaking of one last thing, before closing, Mr. Elton's "Tudor Constitution" has arrived, a study in the legal foundations from Henry VII onwards. In due time, Lord willing. http://www.amazon.com/
The first four chapters lay the foundation, chapters 1-4. Chapter 1 deals with the political description of the Romano-Germanic Empire. Chapters 5-9 deal with a contracted and tight period of 1517-1521 for Mr. Martin Luther.
While Lutheranism is one interest, this period and study informs English developments. E.g., how did English dioceses, e.g. York, get so rich? Who paid to build all those English Cathedrals? Why was Wcyliffe disgusted with London and Canterbury? Or, how do butcher's son become Princes and Lords in Parliament? What was the interplay between the bishop of Rome, now claiming universal jurisdiction (to Constantinople's disgust), and the Emperors? And, what about Mr. (Canterbury) Cranmer? Rags to riches? Lackey to Mr. Harry VIII? A "servile slave" or steadfast Reformer?
How did the Church get so wealthy, powerful, Princely, and sovereign in the early and high Middle Ages? Before Mr. Luther and our immediate interest, Mr. (Canterbury) Cranmer? And Avignon, Conciliarism or absolutist Papal sovereignty, e.g. Fifth Lateran Council?
Mr. (Henry VIII) Tudor will gain a windfall when the monasteries and lands are dissolved. This was "after" the 1.0 version of Anglicanism in the 16th century: Papal Romanism. In the 2.0 version, Non-Papal Romanism, there were financial repercussions...to Rome's disadvantage.
Continuing the review of the Romano-Germanic Empire, or, Holy Germanic Empire, or Holy Roman Empire, the Church finds itself in large possession of vast tracts of land. Here's are some findings from Mr. Beard/
• 1/4th to 1/3rd of all lands in Germany were in the hands of the Church
• NE—the domains fell to the Teutonic Knights and ultimately came to the House of Brandenberg
• NW—dioceses of Bremen, Utrecht, Munster and Paderborn
• Netherlands—largely to the diocese of Liege
• French frontier—largely dioceses of Metz and Strassburg
• Along the Rhine—Koln, Trier, and Mainz
• Central Germany—Hildesheim, Halberstadt, Magdeburg, Wurzburg, and Bamborn
• Italian frontier—dioceses of Salzburg and Trent
Mr. Beard informs us, pg. 11, that the “ecclesiastical went hand in hand with the civil organization.”
Charles Martel and his successors, Boniface, received episcopal consecration from Mr. (pope) Gregory II. The German dioceses had the “firmest bonds of obedience to the Papacy.”
Charlemagne captured the barbaric NE region, subjugated the Saxons, imposed Christianity, a “victory of Christianity over heathenism.”
As new territories emerged, new dioceses developed.
Otho the Great, 962ish, continued the same policy.
Mr. Beard doesn't raise the issue, but we might. That is, King Alfred the Great in England, a pious, educated and strong king who fended off Viking raiders to a degree...the Danes took eastern England.
In these “outposts of civilization, the bishops…the best representatives of law and order in a time of recurring confusion gradually arrogated to themselves rights and power usually associated with sovereignty.”
Vast grants of land were ceded, deeded, and transferred to major bishoprics, perhaps tacitly and not so tacitly, in a contractual and feudal way to assist in regional social, legal, and religious control.
Perhaps in time, Mr. Beard will tell us about the Isadorean Decretals, forged documents used by the Misters Popes.
Also, the revival of legal studies in old Roman and Byzantine paths as bringing about legal-political reforms that consolidated Princely powers. Towards "absolutism," something later Roman Emperors practiced and would surface in Tudor-Stuart times.
Speaking of one last thing, before closing, Mr. Elton's "Tudor Constitution" has arrived, a study in the legal foundations from Henry VII onwards. In due time, Lord willing. http://www.amazon.com/
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