Reformed Churchmen

We are Confessional Calvinists and a Prayer Book Church-people. In 2012, we remembered the 350th anniversary of the 1662 Book of Common Prayer; also, we remembered the 450th anniversary of John Jewel's sober, scholarly, and Reformed "An Apology of the Church of England." In 2013, we remembered the publication of the "Heidelberg Catechism" and the influence of Reformed theologians in England, including Heinrich Bullinger's Decades. For 2014: Tyndale's NT translation. For 2015, John Roger, Rowland Taylor and Bishop John Hooper's martyrdom, burned at the stakes. Books of the month. December 2014: Alan Jacob's "Book of Common Prayer" at: http://www.amazon.com/Book-Common-Prayer-Biography-Religious/dp/0691154813/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1417814005&sr=8-1&keywords=jacobs+book+of+common+prayer. January 2015: A.F. Pollard's "Thomas Cranmer and the English Reformation: 1489-1556" at: http://www.amazon.com/Thomas-Cranmer-English-Reformation-1489-1556/dp/1592448658/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1420055574&sr=8-1&keywords=A.F.+Pollard+Cranmer. February 2015: Jaspar Ridley's "Thomas Cranmer" at: http://www.amazon.com/Thomas-Cranmer-Jasper-Ridley/dp/0198212879/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1422892154&sr=8-1&keywords=jasper+ridley+cranmer&pebp=1422892151110&peasin=198212879

Showing posts with label Vestarian Controversy. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Vestarian Controversy. Show all posts

Thursday, March 20, 2014

Elizabethan Church of England, Adiaphora, & Imperial Edict

20 March 1563.


On March 20, 1563, an appeal was made to the ecclesiastical commissioners by twenty petitioners to exempt them from the use of vestments. Miles Coverdale was one of them. Later, Miles Coverdale refused to attend Lambeth over the "vestments, fashions and haberdashery" issue as ordered by Mr. (Canterbury) Matthew Parker.


Anglicanism’s adiaphora = “You’ll wear our ecclesiastical uniforms and outfits that we tell ya,’ by God you will.”


Elizabeth's "Adiaphora" = in essence and by another name, was Elizabeth's "divine law."


Miles Coverdale, Godfather at the baptism of one of Knox's children in Geneva, Bible translator, and former Bishop of Exeter, refused mandatory "uniforms and haberdasher" laws. The same for old John Foxe. Willing to use the vast majority of the BCP, they weren't buying the "adiaphora" argument as allegedly adiaphora, but back to old Miles Coverdale--Tyndale's assistant. If truly adiaphora, then the vestments weren't needed but voluntary. But the Crown and Canterbury weren't buying the logical logic.


Old Miles Coverdale, a sensible scholar, Reformed Churchman, Bible translator, comrade of other Marian exiles, who suffered for the faith, never bought into the supremacism nor fashion puerilities of Lambeth and the Royal palace.


By summer of 1566, Coverdale left St. Magnus Martyr by the London Bridge. He was near 80. Mr. Matthew Parker (Canterbury), a pliable tool, had summoned the London clergy to Lambeth for the enforcement of Elizabeth’s vestarian-laws—which Parker did not care about, as a few letters show, but which he supported since Elizabeth had ruled; she was the “Supreme Governor” of the Church of England, after all. Rather than do a “buy-in” for a position, the old scholar, Coverdale, resigned his living at St. Magnus. Several letters from London clerics were sent to Zurich and Geneva about the child-playground-developments. Coverdale discreetly—but visibly—absented himself from Parker’s summons to Lambeth.


Ya’ don’t bulldoze an old, experienced, informed, Biblically-driven, theologically trained and Reformed Churchman long acquainted with suffering, poverty, tyrannies, and exile.


As might be expected, he had a “keen following in Puritan circles” those wicked non-conformists of the lower sort tongue in cheek). But, he accepted poverty over preferment, consistency before compromise, the Scriptures above and ruling tradition, and principles above pandering to a Queen. He genuinely believed in Scriptures, the “supreme” [and final] Judge in all things, matters, opinions, councils and independent thoughts. That’s Reformed theology.


In JAN 1569, he preached his last sermon, about 83 years old, at his former parish, St. Magnus. In other words, he was the former minister in attendance but without the post—having resigned over principle. However, for whatever reason, the presiding minister was not present or available. But Coverdale was in attendance, but not presiding, an indication of his acceptance of the-then-used 1559 Book of Common Prayer (or, at least, in the main, as was the case for Anglo-Puritans). John Hooker (supra) described it:


“…certain men of the parish came unto him, and earnestly entreated that considering the multitude was great, and that it was pity they should be disappointed of their expectation, that it would please him to take the place for that time. But he excused his age and infirmities thereof, and that his memory failed him, his voice scarce could be heard, and he not able to do it, that they would hold him excused. Nevertheless such were their importunate requests that, would he nould [sic] he, he must and did yield unto their requests: and between two men he was carried up into the pulpit, where God did with his spirit so strengthen him, that he made his last and the best and the most godly sermon that ever he did in all his life. And very shortly after he died, being very honourably buried with the presence of the duchess of Suffolk, the earl of Bedford, and many others, honourable and worshipful personages."


Coverdale died on 20 JAN 1569. He was buried in the chancel of St. Bartholomew by the Exchange under the “communion table” [hint, TFOs, the “table” not the Laudian altar…gotta a problem there? Cranmer and Coverdale didn’t.]


The backstory to the childish-playground debate in Anglican adiaphoristic non-adiaphorisms.


Wikipedia gives some background.


“On March 20, 1563, an appeal was made to the ecclesiastical commissioners by twenty petitioners to exempt them from the use of vestments. These included a number of prominent clergy, mainly in the diocese of London, whose bishop, Grindal, had packed his see with former exiles and activists for reform. The petition was approved by all the commissioners except Parker and Guest, who rejected it.


“Sampson and Humphrey were the first nonconformist leaders to be targeted by Parker and whose steadfast refusal to conform led to Sampson's quick deprivation in 1565, as he was directly under the queen's authority. Humphrey, under the jurisdiction of Robert Horne, the bishop of Winchester, was able to return to his position as president of Magdalen College, Oxford, and was later offered by Horne a benefice in Sarum, though with Sarum's bishop, Jewel, opposing this. At this time, Bullinger was counselling Horne with a position more tolerant of vestments, while nonconformist agitation was taking place among students at St John's College, Cambridge.


“Tuesday, March 26, 1566, brought the peak of enforcement against nonconformity, with the diocese of London targeted as an example, despite Parker's expectation that it would leave many churches `destitute for service this Easter, and that many [clergy] will forsake their livings, and live at printing, teaching their children, or otherwise as they can.' The London clergy were assembled at Lambeth Palace. Parker had requested but failed to gain the attendance of William Cecil, Lord Keeper Nicholas Bacon, and the Lord Marquess of Northampton, so it was left to Parker himself, bishop Grindal, the dean of Westminster, and some canonists. One former nonconformist, Robert Cole, stood before the assembly in full canonical habit. There was no discussion. The ultimatum was issued that the clergy would appear as Cole—in a square cap, gown, tippet, and surplice. They would `inviolably observe the rubric of the Book of Common Prayer, and the Queen majesty's injunctions: and the Book of Convocation.' The clergy were ordered to commit themselves on the spot, in writing, with only the words volo or nolo. Sixty-one subscribed; thirty-seven did not and were immediately suspended with their livings sequestered. A three-month grace period was given for these clergy to change their minds before they would be fully deprived.


“The deprivations were to be carried out under the authority of Parker's Advertisements, which he had just published as a revised form of the original articles defining ecclesiastical conformity. (The full title is Advertisements partly for due order in the publique administration of common prayers and usinge the holy sacramentes, and partly for the apparrell of all persons ecclesiasticall, by vertue of the Queenes maiesties letters commaunding the same.) Parker had not obtained the crown's authorisation for this mandate, however, though he increasingly positioned himself toward the nonconformist clergy as acting on and under the authority of the state. Royal authority stood to simplify the problem for him, because disobedience of the monarch was disobedience of God. However, without explicit backing from the queen and council, this assertion lacked force. Thus, the nonconformist reaction to Parker's crackdown was, as he expected, a vociferous assertion of their persecuted status with some serious displays of disobedience. John Stow records in his Memoranda that in most parishes, the sextons did not change the service if they had conducted it without vestments previously: `in some places the ministers themselves did service in their gowns or cloaks with turning collars and hats as they were wont to do, and preached stoutly and against the order taken by the queen and council and the bishops for consenting there unto.' By some lights, these clergy constituted an emerging Puritan faction, and that word was indeed first recorded as being in use at this time as term of abuse for nonconformists.”


Miles Coverdale, as well as old John Foxe, weren’t up for the “abusive,” “elbows-to-the-head,” “boots-to-the-neck,” hubristic and unnecessary authoritarianism of Elizabeth and Parker.

"Adiaphora" = Elizabeth’s and Parker’s "non-adiaphora."

Wednesday, November 18, 2009

Irish Reformed Churchman: ABP James Ussher (1580-1656)


Part two beginneth.

The Whole Works of the Most Rev. James Ussher, D.D., Lord Archbishop of Armagh, Primate of All Ireland (London: Whittaker and Co., 1847).
Calvinistic divines with a Prayer Book really existed, once upon a time. He knew the idiot of Canterbury, William Laud.

Observations:
1. James VI of Scotland doubted he would succeed Elizabeth to the throne.

2. James IV sends two emissaries in 1585 to Dublin, James Fullerton and James Hamilton, to maintain correspondence with the Protestant nobility. They opened a school. Hence, Calvinistic theology in Ireland. Fullerton had been a. student of Andrew Melville of Glasgow. Both Fullerton and Hamilton may have been class fellows of Melville’s at St. Andrews in 1558. All three names appear on the list of admission. Age issues are discussed in this introduction as well as the interactions of these Scots Reformers.

3. To this school, James Ussher was sent at the age of eight. 1588, the same year as the Spanish assault against England. Ussher continued at the school for five years. Ussher is a third generation Calvinistic or Reformed Anglican.

4. January 1593-94, Trinity College, University of Dublin was erected. Ussher’s family was instrumental in the establishment of the College. His Grandfather, Stanihurst, made the motion for such in Parliament. His uncle, Henry Ussher, Archdeacon of Dublin, later Archbishop of Armagh, went to England twice to negotiate the matter. In 1591, Henry returned with letters of approval by Exegete the First.

5. Page, 18, footnote 5, is instructive re: the course of training in logic, rhetoric, grammar, math and classical literature. Also, instruction in Greek, Latin, Hebrew and Syriac. Also, the use of the finest systematic theology written and used as the basis of lectures—Calvin’s Institutes of the Christian Religion. The importance of this latter point cannot be underestimated---it reflects the state of things in England also.

6. Ussher will be the man who marshals the Irish Articles of 1615 into force for the Church of Ireland. These Articles are taken over, by and large, into the English expansion of needed revision of the XXXIX Articles. The Calviniphobes of modern Anglicanism and hyper-allergic AC/TRACTO’s need a re-introduction to the grand Master, the French sovereign in skill and attainment…over the English Reformers.

7. Ussher’s name remains to this day as the “very first enrollee” in Trinity College.
8. In addition to language studies, he became an avid reader in theology.

9. Ussher vowed to read “everything” in the Church Fathers. Age 20. Completed when age 38. Ergo, started in 1600 and completed in 1618.

10. He obtained the BA in 1597.

11. 1600, MA. Ussher was appointed as the “Catechetist to the College” and first Proctor of the College.

Correlations:

1. Travers in London. Timeline and arrival in Ireland. Relations with Whitgift. Laud's name will appear in later correspondence with Ussher.

2. Comparison to other baccalaureate programs, e.g. Cambridge, Oxford.

3. Comparison to non-classical backgrounds of current seminary students.

4. The Institutes. Impact on Irish clergy besides Ussher. The Irish Articles will be ratified by a Convocation of Irish Calvinists with the Prayer Book.

Interpretation:

The Reformation was led by upon well-trained men and, yet, Ussher’s works are largely ignored by Anglican leaders. If you listen to modern Anglicans, you'd think the Reformation was over. In fact, we heard tell of one influential "evangelical Calvinist" in the ACNA--this week--who said that; what's he been smokin'? That proposition by this "influential evanglical Calvinist" could be destroyed in a nano-second if pushed. Dumb statement by a dumb churchman, more political than theological. (Sola stupida.) People still vote for idiots as Bishops. So glad to be retired, owned by no one, serving as a simple lay person (though still ordained), and not influenced by sola getta accepta by'a da'a crowd. Tremendous freedom to call it like we see it. And laugh too.

Application:

1. “Maintain course and bearing.” No one else is talking about Calvinistic Anglicans.
2. Support Calvinists, even though most have no Prayer Book piety. Beata pazienzia.