6
January 1956 A.D. Justin
Welby Born—105th of 105 Archbishops of Canterbury
Justin Portal Welby (born 6 January 1956) is the 105th and current Archbishop of Canterbury and senior bishop in the Church of England.[4] As such, he is Primate of All England and the symbolic head of the worldwide Anglican Communion. He was formerly the Bishop of Durham, serving for just over a year.[5]
Welby's early career was in the oil industry. In 1989, he studied for ordination at St John's College, Durham. After several parochial appointments he became the Dean of Liverpool in 2007 and the Bishop of Durham in 2011.
Welby's theology is reported as representing the evangelical tradition within Anglicanism.[6] Some of his publications explore the relationship between finance and religion and, as a member of the House of Lords, he sits on the panel of the 2012 Parliamentary Commission on Banking Standards.
On 9 November 2012, the Prime Minister's office announced Welby's appointment as the next Archbishop of Canterbury and he was formally elected as on 10 January 2013 at a ceremony in Canterbury Cathedral.[7] He legally took office on 4 February 2013 at a ceremony in St Paul's Cathedral, although his public ministry as archbishop formally began with his enthronement service in Canterbury Cathedral which took place on 21 March 2013.
Contents
- 1 Early life and education
- 2 Business career
- 3 Ministry
- 4 Views
- 4.1 Women bishops
- 4.2 Fuel suppliers
- 4.3 Poverty
- 4.4 High-interest lending
- 4.5 Food banks
- 4.6 Persecution of Christians
- 4.7 Same-sex marriage
- 4.8 Sex outside of marriage
- 5 Personal life
- 6 Styles
- 7 References
- 8 External links
Early life and education
Chapel of Eton College
Welby was born in London,
England. His father, known as Gavin Bramhall James Welby, was born Bernard
Gavin Weiler, in Ruislip, West London, in 1910, and died in 1977.[9][10] His mother was Jane Gillian (née Portal) who had been Winston Churchill's PA and who once took Welby to tea with him.[11] Welby's paternal grandfather was a German Jewish immigrant (Welby did not find out about his
grandfather's ancestry until he was an adult).[10][12][13]
Welby's parents were divorced in 1959, and his mother then married Charles Williams in 1975 (when he was elevated to the House of Lords as a life peer in 1985, Charles Williams took the title of Baron Williams of Elvel.) Through his mother, Welby is a great-nephew of a former Conservative Deputy Prime Minister, "Rab" Butler, later Baron Butler of Saffron Walden; Welby's maternal great-grandfather, Sir Montagu Butler, was the father of Lord Butler and of Welby's grandmother, Iris Butler. Sir Montagu Butler was the grandnephew of the first Bishop of Natal, John William Colenso.
Welby was educated at St Peter's School, Seaford and Eton College and subsequently went to Trinity College, Cambridge where he received a B.A. degree in history and law in 1978.[14]
Business career
Welby worked for 11 years in the oil industry, five of them for the French oil company Elf Aquitaine based in Paris. In 1984 he became treasurer of the oil exploration group Enterprise Oil PLC in London, where he was mainly concerned with West African and North Sea oil projects. He retired from his executive position in 1989 and said that he sensed a calling from God to be ordained.[15]
During his oil industry career, Welby became a congregation member at the evangelical Anglican church of Holy Trinity in Brompton, London.[3]
In July 2013, following the report of the Parliamentary Commission on Banking Standards Commission, Welby explained that senior bank executives avoided being given information about difficult issues to allow them to "plead ignorance."[16] He also said he would possibly have behaved in the same way and warned against punishing by naming and shaming individual bankers which he compared to the behavior of a lynch mob.[16]
Ministry
Welby was at first rejected for ordination by John Hughes, the Bishop of Kensington, who told him: "There is no place for you in the Church of England."[17] Welby was subsequently accepted for ordination, with the support of the Vicar of Holy Trinity Brompton, Sandy Millar.
From 1989 to 1992, Welby studied theology and trained for the priesthood at Cranmer Hall and St John's College, Durham, where he was awarded a BA degree and DipMin in 1992 before becoming a curate at Chilvers Coton and St Mary the Virgin, Astley (Nuneaton) from 1992 to 1995. He then became rector of St James' Church, Southam, and later vicar of St Michael and All Angels, Ufton, Diocese of Coventry, from 1995 to 2002.[18]
In 2002, Welby was appointed a canon residentiary of Coventry Cathedral and the co-director for International Ministry at the International Centre for Reconciliation. In 2005, he was appointed Sub-Dean and Canon for Reconciliation Ministry.
Welby was appointed Dean of Liverpool Cathedral in December 2007 and was installed there on 8 December 2007.[19]
Welby has written widely on ethics and on finance, featuring in books such as Managing the Church?: Order and Organisation in a Secular Age and Explorations in Financial Ethics. Welby's dissertation, an exploration into whether companies can sin, marks his point that the structure of a system can "make it easier to make the right choice or the wrong choice."[20] His dissertation led to the publication of a booklet entitled Can Companies Sin?: "Whether", "How" and "Who" in Company Accountability, which was published by Grove Books in 1992.[21] He has said that the Benedictine and Franciscan orders in the Anglican churches, along with Catholic social teaching, have influenced his spiritual formation.[22]
Interviewed by the BBC in 2011, Welby said that to be appointed Bishop of Durham was both challenging and a huge privilege: "I was astonished to be offered the role. It is a passionate desire to see a church that is vigorously full of spiritual life, serving Jesus Christ and serving those around it."[23] His election was confirmed at York Minster on 29 September 2011 and he left Liverpool Cathedral on 2 October. He was consecrated as a bishop at York Minster on 28 October 2011[24] and was enthroned as Bishop of Durham in Durham Cathedral on 26 November 2011. He was introduced to the House of Lords on 12 January 2012,[25][26] where he sits on the Lords Spiritual bench.[27] He gave his maiden speech on 16 May 2012.[28] He was asked to join the Parliamentary Commission on Banking Standards in 2012.
Archbishop of Canterbury
Welby emerged as a candidate to be the next Archbishop of Canterbury; on 6 November 2012 the bookmakers Betvictor, Ladbrokes and William Hill suspended betting on his being appointed.[29] On 9 November 2012 Welby's appointment to the position was announced. In January 2013 Welby said that he had regarded it as "a joke" and "perfectly absurd" for him to be appointed Archbishop of Canterbury, because he had only been a bishop for a short time.[30] His Confirmation of Election ceremony to the See of Canterbury took place at St Paul's Cathedral on 4 February 2013;[4] on the following day it was announced that Welby would be appointed to the Privy Council of the United Kingdom, as all archbishops are;[31] the order for his appointment was made on 12 February[32] and he swore the oath on 13 March.[33]
He was enthroned as the Archbishop of Canterbury in Canterbury Cathedral on 21 March 2013,[34] which in the calendar[35] of the Anglican Church is an observance of Thomas Cranmer. His schedule included an official visit to the Vatican on 14 June 2013, with visits to senior Curial officials, including Cardinal Kurt Koch, President of the Pontifical Council for the Promotion of Christian Unity, an official audience with Pope Francis, and prayer at the tombs of Saint Peter and Pope John Paul II.[36]
Views
Women bishops
Welby favours Anglican consecration of women bishops.[37] Following a rejection of female bishops by the General Synod in November 2012, Welby spoke of a "Very grim day, most of all for women priests and supporters".[37][38]
In July 2013 Justin Welby stated,
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“
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There's
not two-thirds in each house, That's absolutely correct. [But] there's a
strong desire to get it done. We aren't at the stage of saying: 'Should we
ordain women as bishops?'; we're at the stage of saying: 'We're going to
ordain women as bishops. How do we go about that?.
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”
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—[39]
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||
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“
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As
has been widely agreed this is not about whether but about how, so that women
are ordained on exactly the same basis as men and all parts of the Church of
England may be enabled to flourish. (...) while it is certainly the right
thing to do it will require hard work and generosity to have any effect.
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”
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—[40]
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In November 2013 Welby stated he aims to ordain women bishops while allowing space for those who disagree.
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“
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Today's
overwhelming vote demonstrates the widespread desire of the Church of England
to move ahead with ordaining women as bishops, and at the same time enabling
those who disagree to flourish. There is some way to go, but we can be
cautiously hopeful of good progress.
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”
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—[41]
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In February 2014 calls on Anglicans to avoid fear, prejudice and suspicion, to grasp "cultural change in the life of the church".
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“
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Let’s
bring this down to some basics. We have agreed that we will ordain women as
Bishops. At the same time we have agreed that while doing that we want all
parts of the church to flourish. If we are to challenge fear we have to find
a cultural change in the life of the church, in the way our groups and
parties work, sufficient to build love and trust. That will mean different
ways of working at every level of the church in practice in the way our
meetings are structured, presented and lived out and in every form of
appointment. It will, dare I say, mean a lot of careful training and
development in our working methods, because the challenge for all
institutions today, and us above all, is not merely the making of policy but
how we then make things happen.
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”
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—[42]
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Welby would like discipline applied over appointments to prevent opponents of women bishops feeling alienated. Welby hopes to avoid a zero sum game where people feel gain for one side inevitably means loss for the other, he sees need for caution, co-operation and unity.[43]
Fuel suppliers
Welby feels rises in energy prices in the UK appear "inexplicable". Welby also feels energy companies have a responsibility towards customers they should take account of this rather than only maximising their own opportunities.
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“
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The
impact on people, particularly on low incomes, is going to be really severe
in this [rising energy prices], and the companies have to justify fully what
they are doing. (...) They have control because they sell something everyone
has to buy. We have no choice about buying it with that amount of power comes
huge responsibility to serve society.
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”
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Welby is concerned about Fuel poverty which he feels is serious as energy costs have risen while incomes remain static or decline.
Poverty
Referring to poverty in the UK in March 2013 Welby criticised UK government changes which cap benefits below inflation.
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“
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As a
civilised society, we have a duty to support those among us who are
vulnerable and in need. When times are hard, that duty should be felt more
than ever, not disappear or diminish. It is essential that we have a welfare
system that responds to need and recognises the rising costs of food, fuel
and housing. The current benefits system does that, by ensuring that the
support struggling families receive rises with inflation. These changes will
mean it is children and families who will pay the price for high inflation,
rather than the government.
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”
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—[46]
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In a speech at Christmas 2013 Welby said,
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“
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Even
in a recovering economy, Christians, the servants of a vulnerable and poor
saviour, need to act to serve and love the poor; they need also to challenge
the causes of poverty.
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”
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—[47]
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In a speech at Easter 2013 Welby said,
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“
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In
this country, even as the economy improves there is weeping in broken
families, in people ashamed to seek help from food banks, or frightened by
debt. Asylum seekers weep with loneliness and missing far away families.
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”
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—[48]
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Referring to poverty in the UK and generally Welby said, we should all share concern for the poor and the marginalised, should work to build communities where people act responsibly towards one another, whether we are rich or poor we all have the same dignity. William Beveridge, R. H. Tawney and William Temple played a significant part in establishing the post war Welfare state in the United Kingdom and were committed Christians. We do not have the luxury of saying, "Something must be done" without doing anything ourselves.
Justice of the powerful is not justice at all and judges should decide issues based on truth and the common good rather than class and money.[49] Welby quoted Nelson Mandela that, "dealing with poverty was a matter of justice rather than charity." Welby felt speaking out about poverty, fuel bills, financial insecurity affecting families and Credit unions is part of the Christian duty to love ones neighbour.[50]
Welby hopes people will resolve to help deal with poverty in their own neighbourhoods, in a BBC television broadcast he said, "I want to suggest this year that each of us makes a resolution to try and change the world a bit where we are," [51]
High-interest lending
In July 2013, Welby spoke out against the payday lending sites, and met with Errol Damelin, chief executive of Wonga. Welby pledged that the Church of England would support credit unions as society needs to "provide an alternative" to the "very, very costly forms of finance" that payday lending services represent. He noted that he did not want to make legal payday lending illegal as this would leave people with no alternative to using criminal loan sharks.[52]
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“
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Payday
lenders lead to people being assured, through impressively slick marketing
campaigns and targeted advertisements, that the process of taking out a loan
is quick, simple and safe. However, once the loan has been taken out, it is difficult
to get out of the cycle. With the rates offered, simply paying off the
interest becomes a struggle.
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”
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—[53]
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Shortly after this well-publicised intervention in the public debate, it emerged that the Church of England's pension fund had invested money in Accel Partners, a venture capital firm that had invested in Wonga. This led to accusations of hypocrisy and Welby noted that the investment was "very embarrassing" for the Church.[54] Welby and the Church's Ethical Investment Advisory Group were unaware of their investment in Wonga.
Welby also said that the Ethical Investment Advisory Group ought to reconsider rules which allow investment in companies that make up to 25% of their income from gambling, alcohol or high-interest lending.[52]
Food banks
Justin Welby is concerned about increasing need for food banks which would have been “unthinkable” a decade ago.
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“
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[It
was] a very sad fact that they’re there, but also it’s a great opportunity
for the Church to demonstrate the love of Christ”.
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”
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—[55]
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Welby disagrees strongly with David Anthony Freud, Baron Freud, currently Parliamentary Under Secretary of State for Work and Pensions because Welby believes the UK government cuts to benefits have caused or contributed to the surge in food banks. Welby cites Church of England investigation showing Social services referred 35% of Durham residents who use food banks when benefits they were entitled to were not paid. Welby stated,
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“
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Maybe
he [Lord Freud] has different figures but those were certainly the figures we
kept in the churches … We are very strict about our statistics and we don’t
just hand out food – you have to be referred.
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”
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—[56]
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Before Christmas 2013 Welby urged people to give 10% of what they spend at Christmas to food banks [57]
Persecution of Christians
Welby is concerned that Christians are persecuted in some parts of the world, notably in the Middle East and Welby fears some risk their lives going to church.[58]
Same-sex marriage
Welby affirms the Church of England's opposition to same-sex marriage,[59] but at his first press conference spoke out strongly against homophobia and stated that he is "always averse to the language of exclusion, when what we are called to is to love in the same way as Jesus Christ loves us." He also said "I know I need to listen very attentively to the LGBT (Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender) communities, and examine my own thinking prayerfully and carefully."[60] Prior to his enthronement he stated that he did not have doubts about the church's policy in opposing same-sex marriages but remained "challenged as to how we respond to it". "You see gay relationships that are just stunning in the quality of the relationship", he said, adding that he had "particular friends where I recognise that and am deeply challenged by it".[61]
Welby sees problems with special services of blessing for same sex couples.
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“
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There
is great fear among some, here and round the world, that that will lead to
the betrayal of our traditions, to the denial of the authority of scripture,
to apostasy, not to use too strong a word and there is also a great fear that
our decisions will lead us to the rejection of LGBT people, to irrelevance in
a changing society, to behaviour that many see akin to racism. Both those fears
are alive and well in this room today [a General Synod meeting in London]. We
have to find a way forward that is one of holiness and obedience to the call
of God and enables us to fulfil our purposes. This cannot be done through
fear. How we go forward matters deeply, as does where we arrive.
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”
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—[62]
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Welby hopes the church will stay together.[62]
Sex outside of marriage
In March 2013, Welby stated that "My understanding of sexual ethics has been that, regardless of whether it's gay or straight, sex outside marriage is wrong."[63][64] He reiterated this belief again later in 2013, further noting that "To abandon the ideal simply because it’s difficult to achieve is ridiculous.”[65]
Personal life
Welby is married to Caroline (née Eaton) and they have had six children. In 1983, their seven-month-old daughter, Johanna, died in a car crash in France.[3] Welby later explained, "It was a very dark time for my wife Caroline and myself, but in a strange way it actually brought us closer to God."[66] Welby established a special day for bereaved parents in Coventry Cathedral. There is now an annual service commemorating the lives of children who have died. A book with the names of lost children is on display in the cathedral and anyone who has lost a child under any circumstances can ask for their child's name to be added to the book.[67]
He acknowledges his privileged education and upbringing, and has been praised for sending his own children to local state schools.[68]
Welby is a French speaker and Francophile, having lived and worked in France.[67] An announcement about his appointment as Bishop of Durham listed his hobbies as "most things French and sailing".[67][69]
Styles
- Mr Justin Welby (1956–1992)
- The Revd Justin Welby (1992–2002)
- The Revd Canon Justin Welby (2002–2007)
- The Very Revd Justin Welby (2007–2011)
- The Rt Revd Justin Welby (2011–2013)
- The Rt Revd The Lord Bishop of Durham (2011–2013)
- The Most Revd Justin Welby (4–12 February 2013)[32]
- The Most Revd (or "His Grace") The Lord Archbishop of Canterbury (4–12 February 2013)
- The Most Revd and Rt Hon Justin Welby (12 February 2013 – present)
- The Most Revd and Rt Hon (or "His Grace") The Lord Archbishop of Canterbury (12 February 2013 – present)
Arms
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References
1. Jump up ^ "Justin Welby
appointed 105th Archbishop of Canterbury". Prime Minister's
Office. 9 November 2012. Retrieved 1 April 2013.
2. Jump up ^ "Rt Revd Justin
Welby announced as 105th Archbishop of Canterbury".
Dean and Chapter of Canterbury Cathedral. 2012. Retrieved 1 April 2013. "On the 10th January 2013,
the College of Canons will meet in the Chapter House of the Cathedral to elect
Bishop Justin as the new Archbishop, having received a Congé d’Elire from the
Crown."
3. ^ Jump up to: a b c Mick
Ord (8 November 2012). "Profile: Anglican Bishop of Durham Justin
Welby". BBC News. Retrieved 8 November
2012.
4. ^ Jump up to: a b "Justin Welby becomes Archbishop of
Canterbury". BBC News. 4 February 2013. Retrieved 1 April 2013.
5. Jump up ^ "Diocese of
Durham – New Bishop-Designate of Durham Announced".
Durham Anglican. Retrieved 1 October 2012.
6. Jump up ^ "Justin Welby set to become new Archbishop of
Canterbury". BBC News. 8 November 2012. Retrieved 8 November 2012.
8. Jump up ^ "Today - 26 July 2013". Today. 26 July 2013. BBC Radio 4. http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b03775fr. Retrieved 2013-11-13.
10. ^ Jump up to: a b Lewis,
Jason (25 November 2012). "The Archbishop's
father, his secret wife, an affair with a Kennedy and defaming a Labour Cabinet
Minister". The Daily Telegraph (London).
12. Jump up ^ "Biography Justin
Welby". Archbishop of Canterbury.org. 9 November 2012. Retrieved 10 November 2012.
13. Jump up ^ Lewis,
Jason (2 December 2012). "Jews who fled the
Nazis: secrets of Justin Welby's family tree". The
Daily Telegraph (London). Retrieved 1 April 2013.
14. Jump up ^ "News & Press Release
(2007), Coventry Cathedral". Retrieved 18 April 2008.[dead link]
15. Jump up ^ Colchester,
Max (30 September 2012). "British Banks Face
Heat From on High". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 1 October 2012.
16. ^ Jump up to: a b Peter
Dominiczak (22 Jul 2013). "Archbishop of
Canterbury warns of 'lynch mob' against bankers". Daily
Telegraph (London). Retrieved 22 Jul 2013.
17. Jump up ^ Moreton, Cole (11 November 2012), "Archbishop of
Canterbury: 'You have no future in the Church'", Sunday Telegraph
19. Jump up ^ "The Queen approves new
Dean". Number10.gov.uk. 2007. Retrieved 1 October 2012.[dead link]
20. Jump up ^ Fraser,
Giles (20 July 2012). "The Saturday
interview: Justin Welby, Bishop of Durham". The Guardian
(London). Retrieved 1 October 2012.
22. Jump up ^ Bingham,
John. New Archbishop Justin
Welby pledges re-think on gay relationships. The Telegraph. Retrieved 10 November 2012.
24. Jump up ^ "Consecrations of
the Bishops of Durham and Penrith". Diocese of York. 28
October 2011. Retrieved 1 October 2012.
25. Jump up ^ "Bishop Justin's
Maiden Speech in the House of Lords". Diocese of Durham.
2012-05-17. Retrieved 2013-11-17.
26. Jump up ^ "Bishop of Durham
Introduced To House of Lords". Aegies Associates.
2012-01-12. Retrieved 2013-11-17.
27. Jump up ^ "Biographies; The
Lords: Justin Welby". UK Parliament. 3 June 2010. Retrieved 1 October 2012.
29. Jump up ^ Milmo,
Cahal (6 November 2012). "Bookmakers suspend
betting on Bishop of Durham being named next Archbishop of Canterbury". The
Independent (London). Retrieved 6 November
2012.
30. Jump up ^ Gledhill, Ruth (31 January 2013) "Welby: my application for
Canterbury was a joke", The Times
34. Jump up ^ "Justin Welby is enthroned
as Archbishop of Canterbury". BBC. 21 March 2013. Retrieved 21 March 2013.
37. ^ Jump up to: a b Gundy,
Trevor (9 November 2012). "Justin Welby named
next archbishop of Canterbury". USA Today. Retrieved 10 November 2012. "Welby's
appointment is expected to seal a vote in favor of allowing women bishops at a
special meeting of the Church of England's General Synod held in London later
this month."
50. Jump up ^ Archbishop Welby says 'emulate Mandela' in 2014
messageArchbishop says emulate
Mandela in 2014 message
52. ^ Jump up to: a b "Wonga row: Archbishop of
Canterbury 'embarrassed' over Church funds".
BBC News Online. 26 July 2013. Retrieved 28 August
2013.
54. Jump up ^ "Welby Defends Wonga
After Church Link Emerges". Sky News. 26 July 2013. Retrieved 29 August 2013.
59. Jump up ^ Blake,
Daniel (8 November 2012). "Justin Welby to Be
Named New Archbishop of Canterbury, Described as 'Unashamedly
Evangelical'". The Christian Post. Retrieved 14 November
2012. "Welby is known to support the biblical definition
of marriage as between one man and one woman; he is against same sex marriage
and is opposed to homosexuals serving as bishops."
60. Jump up ^ Bingham,
John (9 November 2012). "New Archbishop
Justin Welby pledges re-think on gay relationships". The Daily Telegraph (London). Retrieved 10 November 2012. "The Bishop of
Durham, Justin Welby, who was formally announced as successor to Dr Rowan
Williams yesterday, insisted that he supported the Church of England's
opposition to same-sex marriage."
61. Jump up ^ Walker,
Peter (2013-03-21). "Archbishop of
Canterbury admits to gay 'challenge' for church". The Guardian
(London). Retrieved 2013-03-23.
62. ^ Jump up to: a b Welcome same-sex couples
or be damned as bigots, Archbishop of Canterbury Justin Welby tells Church of
England
63. Jump up ^ ""Whether it’s
gay or straight, sex outside marriage is wrong" Archbishop Justin
Welby". 17 Mar 2013.
64. Jump up ^ Doughty,
Steve (17 Mar 2013). "'My wife keeps an
eye on my drinking and I never do it alone': Archbishop of Canterbury reveals
his fears of following father into alcoholism". Daily
Mail (London).
66. Jump up ^ Neil
McKay (3 June 2011). "New Bishop of
Durham left oil industry after daughter's death". The
Journal. Retrieved 8 November 2012.
67. ^ Jump up to: a b c Jayne
Lutwyche and Karen Millington (9 November 2012). "The new Archbishop of
Canterbury: 10 lesser-known things". BBC News. Retrieved 9 November 2012.
68. Jump up ^ Brown,
Andrew; Davies, Lizzy (8 November 2012). "Justin Welby: an
archbishop who could do the business". The Guardian
(London).
69. Jump up ^ "New Bishop of Durham"
(Press release). 10 Downing Street: Diocese of Durham. 2 June 2011.
External links
- "Justin Welby: Archbishop of Canterbury, full profile and history". Premier. UK
- "Is reconciliation with Islam possible?". DSE (Over blog)
- "Anger over Sharia law comments". In the news (article) (UK), featuring Welby's comments on the Archbishop of Canterbury's (Rowan Williams) views about Sharia law
- Daily Telegraph article about Welby being featured in Who's Who
- Religion & Ethics. BBC, featuring Welby's comments on "Reinventing the cross" as part of his ministry at Coventry Cathedral
- "Lords". They work for you. 18 April 2006, House of Lords debate regarding Nigeria. Welby was part of a team researching the ethics of the situation
|
Preceded by
Rupert Hoare |
Dean
of Liverpool
2007–2011 |
Succeeded by
Pete Wilcox |
|
Preceded by
Tom Wright |
Bishop of Durham
2011–2013 |
Succeeded by
Paul Butler |
|
Preceded by
Rowan Williams |
Archbishop of Canterbury
2013–present |
Incumbent
|
|
Preceded by
Prince Michael of Kent |
Gentlemen
as Archbishop of Canterbury |
|
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