December 1757 A.D. Callinicus IV—Constantinople’s 223rd; Few Months in Office; Romanian See; Engages Rebaptism Issue Re: Validity of
Romanist & Armenian Baptisms; Takes
Refuge in French Embassy in Istanbul;
Exiled to St. Catherine’s Monastery, Sinai; Devoted to Patristics Studies
Callinicus IV of Constantinople
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Callinicus IV
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Church
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Appointed
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16 Jan 1757
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Term ended
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22 July 1757
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Predecessor
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Successor
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Personal details
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Birth name
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Constantine Mavrikios
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Born
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1713
Zagora, Greece |
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Died
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1791 (aged 77–78)
Zagora, Greece |
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Previous post
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Metropolitan of Brăila
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Callinicus
IV (Greek: Καλλίνικος Δ΄), born Constantine Mavrikios (Greek:Κωνσταντίνος Μαυρίκιος), was Ecumenical
Patriarch of Constantinople for a few months in 1757 and a writer and scholar.
Callinicus IV is sometime
numbered as Callinicus III because his predecessor Callinicus, who was
elected in 1726 but died before being enthroned, is sometimes not counted
amongst the patriarchs.[1]
Life
Constantine Mavrikios
(Callinicus is his religious name) was born in Zagora, Greece in 1713 and in 1728 he moved to Istanbul. In 1740 he was ordained adeacon and on 28 August 1741 he was appointed Great Protosyncellus of the Patriarchate. On 23 September 1743 he was appointed the Metropolitan Bishop of Proilavo (i.e. Brăila, in Romania), a position he
kept till 1748 when he returned to Istanbul.[2]
His years in Istanbul were
marked by the polemic debate in the Orthodox community about whether converts
the Roman Catholic and Armenian Apostolic Churches needed to be re-baptised. These communities were
particularly numerous after the Ottoman–Venetian War wherein the Ottoman Empire reconquered the Venetian-ruled Peloponnese.
The supporters of the
invalidity of Catholic and Armenian baptisms, and consequently of the need to
re-baptize, were Patriarch Cyril V supported by some scholars such as Eugenios Voulgaris and Eustratios Argenti, and a large portion of the
populace, instigated by the demagogic monk Auxentios.[3] The opposition to re-baptism was formed by the larger part of the
Metropolitans led by Callinicus. Their position was not due to compliance with
the Latins, but rather that they
considered the re-baptisms an innovation not envisaged by the ancient canons and contrary to the liturgical praxis.
When the Holy Synod voted on 28 April 1755 against the positions of Cyril V, the latter exiled
the members of the Holy Synod who were contrary to his view.[4] Callinicus was persecuted and had to escape. In 1755 Cyril V issued his
formal "Oros (Tome) of
the Holy Great Church of Christ" which required re-baptism for all converts in any case.
In 1756 Callinicus took refuge
in the French embassy in Istanbul, and here he obtained a large amount of money which was given
to the Sultan Osman III. This resulted in Cyril's
deposition on 16 January 1757 and in the appointment of Callinicus to the
Patriarchate.[4] However his appointment was strongly opposed by a mob, and his enthronement
could be celebrated only with the presence of Ottoman soldiers. After the
ceremony, the mod tried unsuccessfully to seize him.[4] This opposition to Callinicus hindered any attempt of him to retire the Oros, and his position was so
difficult that he had to resign 22 July 1757,[5]in favor of Serapheim II who remained neutral on the issue.[3]
After his resignation
Callinicus was exiled to Limnos and later to the Sinai where he stayed in the Saint Catherine's Monastery. In this obligatory residence he worked in the
ancient library of the Monastery. In January 1761 he escaped and returned on
the slay in Istanbul, where he obtained to be forgiven and in October 1763 he
returned to his birth town, Zagora.[2]
The last period of his life
was passed in Zagora, where he founded the local library and devoted himself to patristics studies and to writing.[6] He died in Zagora in 1791.
Notes
1. Jump up^ The ordinal number
"IV" is used by scholars such as Gedeon (1890), Janin (1914),
Runciman (1985), Kiminas (2009)
2. ^ Jump up to:a b Λιναριτακησ, Εμμανουηλ (1996). Οικουμενικός Πατριάρχης Καλλίνικος ο Γ΄ (Δ΄) και το θέμα
του αναβαπτισμού (Thesis). Aristotle University Of Thessaloniki
(AUTH). pp. 407–408 and abstract. Retrieved
21 June 2011.(Greek)
3. ^ Jump up to:a b Runciman, Steven (1985). The Great Church in captivity. Cambridge University Press.
pp. 358–9. ISBN 978-0-521-31310-0.
4. ^ Jump up to:a b c Frazee, Charles (2006). Catholics and sultans :
the church and the Ottoman Empire, 1453-1923. London: Cambridge University
Press. pp. 161–2. ISBN 0-521-02700-4.
5. Jump up^ Kiminas, Demetrius (2009). The Ecumenical Patriarchate. Wildside Press LLC.
p. 41. ISBN 978-1-4344-5876-6.
6. Jump up^ "Οικουμενικός Πατριάρχης Καλλίνικος ο Γ΄ (Δ΄)". Zagora Public Historical
Library. Retrieved 21 June 2011.(Greek)
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