Dr. Koester is the John H. Morrison Professor of New
Testament and Winn Professor of Ecclesiastical History at Harvard University.
He is also the author of the widely used two-volume Introduction to the New Testament.
Abbreviations
Short
Titles
Preface
1 The
term “Gospel”
1.1.
The Origin of the Term “Gospel”
1.1.1.
The Greek Usage of the Term
1.1.2.
The Usage of the Terms in the Old Testament
1.1.3.
The Term in the Imperial Inscriptions
1.2 The Use of the
Term “Gospel in the Pauline Tradition
1.2.1
The Letters of Paul
1.2.2
The Letters of Ignatius
1.2.3
The Deutero-Pauline Epistles and the Book of Acts
1.3 The Term “Gospel” in the Gospels of the New Testament
1.3.1
The Problem
1.3.2
Luke
1.3.3
Matthew
1.3.4
Mark
1.4 “Gospel” in the Apostolic Fathers
1.4.1
The Apostolic Fathers as Witnesses for the Gospels
1.4.2
The First Epistle of Clement and the Epistle of Barnabas
1.4.3
The Didache
1.4.5
The Second Epistle of Clement
1.4.5
The Shepherd of Hermas
1.4.6
Polycarp of Smyrna
1.5 The Term “Gospel” in Gospels from the Nag Hammadi
Library
1.5.1
The Gospel of Thomas
1.5.2
The Gospel according to Mary
1.5.3
The Apocryphon of James
1.5.4
The Dialogue of the Saviour
1.5.5
The Gospel of Truth
1.5.6
Other Instances of the Use of the Term
1.6 Why Did Written Documents Come to be called “Gospels”?
1.6.1
The Written Gospel as Kerygma
1.6.2
The Genre of the Gospel of Mark: Kerygma or Biography
1.6.3
The Genre of the Gospel Sources
1.7 From the Oral Tradition to the Written Gospel
1.7.1
Authorities in the Earliest Period
1.7.2
Papias of Hierapolis
1.7.3
Marcion
1.7.4
Justin Martyr and Marcion
1.7.5
Justin’s “Memoir of the Apostles”
1.7.6
Justin and the Gospels
1.8 Apocryphal and Canonical Gospels
1.8.1
The Prevailing Prejudice
1.8.2
Criteria for the Definition of a “Gospel”
1.8.3
Writings Which are not to be Counted as Gospels
2 The
Collection of the Sayings of Jesus
2.1 Sayings of Jesus in Early-Christian Literature
2.1.1
The Attestation of the Oral Tradition
2.1.2
Jesus’ Sayings in Paul’s Writings
2.1.3
Wisdom in Corinth
2.1.4
Sayings in the Post-Apostolic Period
2.1.4.1
Acts and the Pastoral Epistles
2.1.4.2
The 1st Epistle of Peter
2.1.4.3
The 1st Epistle of Clement
2.1.4.4
The Epistle of James
2.2 The Gospel of Thomas
2.2.1
Discovery and Attestation
2.2.2
Judas Thomas
2.2.3
Character and Genre
2.2.4
The Gospel of Thomas and the Synoptic Tradition
2.2.4.1
Thomas and the Canonical Gospels
2.2.4.2
Thomas and the Synoptic Sayings Source
2.2.4.3
Thomas and the Parables of Jesus
2.2.4.4
Thomas and the Gospel of Mark
2.2.5
The Gospel of Thomas and the Johannine Tradition
2.2.6
Esoteric Theology
2.3 The Synoptic Sayings Source
2.3.1
Q and the Two-Source Hypothesis
2.3.2
The Composition and Redaction of Q
2.3.2.1
Some General Considerations
2.3.2.2
John the Baptist and the Temptation of Jesus
2.3.2.3
Inaugural Sermon to the Disciples
2.3.2.4
John, Jesus and This Generation
2.3.2.5
The Followers of Jesus and Their Mission
2.3.2.6
The Community in Conflict
2.3.2.7
The Community between This World and the Other World
2.3.2.8
The Coming Judgment
2.3.2.9
Eschatological Didache
2.3.2.10
The Coming of the Son of Man
2.3.3
Purpose and Context of the Composition of Q
2.3.4
The Redaction of Q and its Place in Israel
3 From
Dialogues and Narratives to the Gospel of John
3.1 Dialogue Gospels
3.1.1
The Dialogue of the Saviour
3.1.1.1
The Document and its Dialogue Source
3.1.1.2
The Use of Sayings in Dialogues
3.1.1.3
Dialogue Sav. 25-30 and John 14
3.1.1.4
Sayings in Dial. Sav. 41-104
3.1.2
The Apocryphon of James
3.1.2.1
The Document
3.1.2.2
Opening Scene and Hermeneutics of the Dialogue
3.1.2.3
The Apocryphon of James and the Synoptic Tradition
3.1.2.4
The Apocyphon of James and Johannine Sayings
3.1.2.5
The Parables
3.1.2.6
Conclusions
3.2 The Collections of Narratives about Jesus
3.2.1 Miracle
Cantenae
3.2.2 The
Unknown Gospel of Papyrus Egerton 2
3.2.2.1
The Papyrus and the Problem of its Interpretation
3.2.2.2
About Scripture and Moses
3.2.2.3
The Attempt to Arrest Jesus
3.2.2.4
The Healing of a Leper
3.2.2.5
Paying Taxes to the Kings
3.2.3
The Passion Narrative and the Gospel of Peter
3.2.3.1
Discovery and the Interpretation
3.2.3.2
The Passion Narrative
3.2.3.3
Epiphany Stories
3.3 The Transmission of the Four Canonical Gospels
3.3.1
The Manuscripts
3.3.2 The
Translations
3.3.3
Transmission of the Four-Gospel Canon
3.4 The Story of the Johannine Gospel
3.4.1
The Transmission
3.4.2
External Attestation
3.4.3
Integrity of the Text
3.4.4
Sources and Composition
3.4.4.1
The Problem of Sources of John
3.4.4.2
The Semeia Source
3.4.4.3
The Passion Narrative
3.4.4.4
Dialogue Scenes
3.4.5
The Composition
4 The
Synoptic Gospels
4.1 The Story of the Gospel of Mark
4.1.1
Transmission and Attestation
4.1.2
The Integrity of the Text
4.1.2.1
“Common Omissions” of Passages in Mark
4.1.2.2
Original Wording Preserved in Matthew and Luke
4.1.2.3
Peculiar Terminology in the Canonical Marcan Text
4.1.2.4
The “Unmarkus Hypothesis”
4.1.3
Sources and Traditional Materials
4.1.3.1
The Miracle Stories
4.1.3.2
Collection of Sayings and Controversy Sayings
4.1.3.3
The Passion Narrative
4.1.4
Mark’s World and the Composition of His Gospel
4.1.5
The Secret Gospel of Mark
4.1.5.1
Discovery, Publication and Evaluation
4.1.5.2
The Relationship of Secret Mark to Mark’s Gospel
4.2 Stories about Jesus’ Birth
4.2.1
Earliest Infancy Narratives
4.2.2
The Proto-Gospel of James
4.2.3
The Infancy Gospel of Thomas
4.3 The Gospel of Matthew
4.3.1
Manuscripts
4.3.2
Attestation
4.3.3
Author and Integrity
4.3.4
Sources
4.3.5
Matthew’s Use of Sources
4.3.6
The Composition of the Gospel of Matthew
4.4 The Gospel of Luke
4.4.1
Manuscripts
4.4.2
Attestation
4.4.3
Sources and Specific Materials
4.4.3.1
Luke’s Sources
4.4.3.2
Luke’s Special Materials
4.4.4
The Composition of the Gospel of Luke
5
Harmonization of the Canonical Gospels
5.1 Quotations in the 2nd Epistle of Clement
5.1.1
Dependence upon Either Matthew or Luke
5.1.2
Harmonization of Matthew and Luke
5.1.3
Non-canonical Sayings in 2nd Clement
5.2 The Gospel Quotations of Justin Martyr
5.2.1
Sayings in Justin Martyr
5.2.1.1
Quotations from the Free Tradition
5.2.1.2
Quotations that Could be Derived from Matthew
5.2.1.3
Sayings that Could be Derived from Luke
5.2.1.4
Harmonizations of the Texts of Matthew and Luke
5.2.1.5
Character of Justin’s Source
5.2.2
The Gospel Narratives in Justin’s Writings
5.2.2.1
Scriptural Proof and Gospel Narrative
5.2.2.2
The Narrative of Jesus’ Birth
5.2.2.3
John the Baptist and Jesus’ Baptism
5.2.2.4
The Passion Narrative
5.3 Tatian’s Diatessaron by William L. Peterson
5.3.1
The Diatessaron’s Significance
5.3.2
Authorship
5.3.3
Attestation
5.3.4
Witnesses to the Diatessaron
5.3.4.1
Eastern Witnesses
5.3.4.2
Western Witnesses
5.3.5
Working with the Diatessaron: Reconstruction Readings
5.3.5.1
Rules for Reconstuction
5.3.5.2
Reading 1
5.3.5.3
Reading 2
5.3.5.4
Reading 3
5.3.5.5
Reading 4
5.3.5.6
Reading 5
5.3.5.7
Reading 6
5.3.6
Sources of the Diatessaron
5.3.7 Original
Language, Date and Provenance
5.3.8 Features
and Characteristics of the Diatessaron
Index of Passages
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